Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial

Henrik Munch Roager; Josef Korbinian Vogt; Mette Bredal Kristensen; Lea Benedicte Skov Hansen; Sabine Ibrügger; Rasmus Baadsgaard Mærkedahl; Martin Iain Bahl; Mads Vendelbo Lind; Rikke Linnemann Nielsen; Hanne Frøkiær; Rikke Juul Gøbel; Rikard Landberg; Alastair B. Ross; Susanne Brix; Jesper Holck; Anne S. Meyer; Morten H. Sparholt; Anders Fogh Christensen; Vera Carvalho; Bolette Hartmann; Jens Juul Holst; Jüri Johannes Rumessen; Allan René Linneberg; Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén; Marlene D. Dalgaard; Andreas Blennow; Henrik Lauritz Frandsen; Silas Villas-Bôas; Karsten Kristiansen; Henrik Vestergaard; Torben Hansen; Claus Thorn Ekstrøm; Christian Ritz; Henrik Bjørn Nielsen; Oluf Borbye Pedersen; Ramneek Gupta; Lotte Lauritzen; Tine Rask Licht

doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial

Henrik Munch Roager, Josef Korbinian Vogt, Mette Bredal Kristensen, Lea Benedicte Skov Hansen, Sabine Ibrügger, Rasmus Baadsgaard Mærkedahl, Martin Iain Bahl, Mads Vendelbo Lind, Rikke Linnemann Nielsen, Hanne Frøkiær, Rikke Juul Gøbel, Rikard Landberg, Alastair B. Ross, Susanne Brix, Jesper Holck, Anne S. Meyer, Morten H. Sparholt, Anders Fogh Christensen, Vera Carvalho, Bolette HartmannJens Juul Holst, Jüri Johannes Rumessen, Allan René Linneberg, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Marlene D. Dalgaard, Andreas Blennow, Henrik Lauritz Frandsen, Silas Villas-Bôas, Karsten Kristiansen, Henrik Vestergaard, Torben Hansen, Claus Thorn Ekstrøm, Christian Ritz, Henrik Bjørn Nielsen, Oluf Borbye Pedersen, Ramneek Gupta, Lotte Lauritzen, Tine Rask Licht

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Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.

Design: 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.

Results: 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.

Conclusion: Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.

Trial Registration Number: NCT 01731366; Results.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Gut
Vol/bind	68
Udgave nummer	1
Sider (fra-til)	83-93
Antal sider	11
ISSN	0017-5749
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786
Status	Udgivet - jan. 2019

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10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786Licens: CC BY-NC

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trialForlagets udgivne version, 1,64 MBLicens: CC BY-NC

Citationsformater

Roager, H. M., Vogt, J. K., Kristensen, M. B., Hansen, L. B. S., Ibrügger, S., Mærkedahl, R. B., Bahl, M. I., Lind, M. V., Nielsen, R. L., Frøkiær, H., Gøbel, R. J., Landberg, R., Ross, A. B., Brix, S., Holck, J., Meyer, A. S., Sparholt, M. H., Christensen, A. F., Carvalho, V., ... Licht, T. R. (2019). Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial. Gut, 68(1), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial. / Roager, Henrik Munch; Vogt, Josef Korbinian; Kristensen, Mette Bredal et al.
I: Gut, Bind 68, Nr. 1, 01.2019, s. 83-93.

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

Roager, HM, Vogt, JK, Kristensen, MB, Hansen, LBS, Ibrügger, S, Mærkedahl, RB, Bahl, MI, Lind, MV, Nielsen, RL, Frøkiær, H, Gøbel, RJ, Landberg, R, Ross, AB, Brix, S, Holck, J, Meyer, AS, Sparholt, MH, Christensen, AF, Carvalho, V, Hartmann, B , Holst, JJ, Rumessen, JJ, Linneberg, AR, Sicheritz-Pontén, T, Dalgaard, MD, Blennow, A, Frandsen, HL, Villas-Bôas, S, Kristiansen, K , Vestergaard, H , Hansen, T , Ekstrøm, CT, Ritz, C, Nielsen, HB, Pedersen, OB, Gupta, R, Lauritzen, L & Licht, TR 2019, 'Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial', Gut, bind 68, nr. 1, s. 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786

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title = "Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial",

abstract = "Objective: To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.Design: 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.Results: 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.Conclusion: Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.Trial Registration Number: NCT 01731366; Results.",

keywords = "Colonic microflora, Diet, Immune response, Inflammation, Obesity, Metabolomics, Interleukin-6/blood, Blood Glucose/metabolism, Humans, Middle Aged, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Insulin Resistance, Male, Energy Intake, Cross-Over Studies, Inflammation/blood, Feces/microbiology, Weight Loss, Denmark, Whole Grains, Adult, Female, Aged, Lipids/blood",

author = "Roager, {Henrik Munch} and Vogt, {Josef Korbinian} and Kristensen, {Mette Bredal} and Hansen, {Lea Benedicte Skov} and Sabine Ibr{\"u}gger and M{\ae}rkedahl, {Rasmus Baadsgaard} and Bahl, {Martin Iain} and Lind, {Mads Vendelbo} and Nielsen, {Rikke Linnemann} and Hanne Fr{\o}ki{\ae}r and G{\o}bel, {Rikke Juul} and Rikard Landberg and Ross, {Alastair B.} and Susanne Brix and Jesper Holck and Meyer, {Anne S.} and Sparholt, {Morten H.} and Christensen, {Anders Fogh} and Vera Carvalho and Bolette Hartmann and Holst, {Jens Juul} and Rumessen, {J{\"u}ri Johannes} and Linneberg, {Allan Ren{\'e}} and Thomas Sicheritz-Pont{\'e}n and Dalgaard, {Marlene D.} and Andreas Blennow and Frandsen, {Henrik Lauritz} and Silas Villas-B{\^o}as and Karsten Kristiansen and Henrik Vestergaard and Torben Hansen and Ekstr{\o}m, {Claus Thorn} and Christian Ritz and Nielsen, {Henrik Bj{\o}rn} and Pedersen, {Oluf Borbye} and Ramneek Gupta and Lotte Lauritzen and Licht, {Tine Rask}",

note = "CURIS 2019 NEXS 006",

year = "2019",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786",

language = "English",

volume = "68",

pages = "83--93",

journal = "Gut",

issn = "0017-5749",

publisher = "B M J Group",

number = "1",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome

T2 - a randomised cross-over trial

AU - Roager, Henrik Munch

AU - Vogt, Josef Korbinian

AU - Kristensen, Mette Bredal

AU - Hansen, Lea Benedicte Skov

AU - Ibrügger, Sabine

AU - Mærkedahl, Rasmus Baadsgaard

AU - Bahl, Martin Iain

AU - Lind, Mads Vendelbo

AU - Nielsen, Rikke Linnemann

AU - Frøkiær, Hanne

AU - Gøbel, Rikke Juul

AU - Landberg, Rikard

AU - Ross, Alastair B.

AU - Brix, Susanne

AU - Holck, Jesper

AU - Meyer, Anne S.

AU - Sparholt, Morten H.

AU - Christensen, Anders Fogh

AU - Carvalho, Vera

AU - Hartmann, Bolette

AU - Holst, Jens Juul

AU - Rumessen, Jüri Johannes

AU - Linneberg, Allan René

AU - Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas

AU - Dalgaard, Marlene D.

AU - Blennow, Andreas

AU - Frandsen, Henrik Lauritz

AU - Villas-Bôas, Silas

AU - Kristiansen, Karsten

AU - Vestergaard, Henrik

AU - Hansen, Torben

AU - Ekstrøm, Claus Thorn

AU - Ritz, Christian

AU - Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn

AU - Pedersen, Oluf Borbye

AU - Gupta, Ramneek

AU - Lauritzen, Lotte

AU - Licht, Tine Rask

N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 006

PY - 2019/1

Y1 - 2019/1

N2 - Objective: To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.Design: 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.Results: 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.Conclusion: Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.Trial Registration Number: NCT 01731366; Results.

AB - Objective: To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.Design: 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.Results: 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.Conclusion: Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.Trial Registration Number: NCT 01731366; Results.

KW - Colonic microflora

KW - Diet

KW - Immune response

KW - Inflammation

KW - Obesity

KW - Metabolomics

KW - Interleukin-6/blood

KW - Blood Glucose/metabolism

KW - Humans

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Gastrointestinal Microbiome

KW - Insulin Resistance

KW - Male

KW - Energy Intake

KW - Cross-Over Studies

KW - Inflammation/blood

KW - Feces/microbiology

KW - Weight Loss

KW - Denmark

KW - Whole Grains

KW - Adult

KW - Female

KW - Aged

KW - Lipids/blood

U2 - 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786

DO - 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29097438

SN - 0017-5749

VL - 68

SP - 83

EP - 93

JO - Gut

JF - Gut

IS - 1

ER -

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial

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