Vascular and cardiac autonomic function and PM_2.5 constituents among the elderly: A longitudinal study

TY - JOUR

T1 - Vascular and cardiac autonomic function and PM2.5 constituents among the elderly

T2 - A longitudinal study

AU - Lim, Youn-Hee

AU - Bae, Hyun-Joo

AU - Yi, Seung-Muk

AU - Park, EunHa

AU - Lee, Bo-Eun

AU - Hong, Yun-Chul

N1 - Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2017/12/31

Y1 - 2017/12/31

N2 - Background Although epidemiologic studies have shown an association between the total mass of particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disease, few studies have examined PM2.5 constituents associated with vascular and cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Methods In this longitudinal study, we investigated the relationship between PM2.5 constituents and blood pressure (BP), and markers of the autonomic nervous system. In 466 elderly subjects residing in communities in Seoul, Korea, we examined 16 constituents, seven sources, and total mass concentrations of PM2.5. We measured the BP, heart rate (HR), and indices of heart rate variability (HRV), such as the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (rMSSD), and two frequency-domain variables (low frequency [LF] and high frequency [HF]). We used linear mixed effects models to assess the association of PM2.5 constituents and sources with cardiovascular markers. Results BP, HR, and rMSSD were associated with concentration of total mass of PM2.5. For each increase of the interquartile range in PM2.5 constituents, systolic and diastolic BP, and HR increased by 2.1–3.3 mm Hg, 1.2–2.3 mm Hg, and 1.2–1.9 bpm, respectively, while the rMSSD, LF, and HF decreased by 8.1–9.3%, 16.6%, and 20.4%, respectively. Particularly, elemental carbon, sulfate, ammonium, lead, and strontium in the PM2.5 constituents and emissions from oil combustion and incineration were associated with increased BP, HR, and decreased HRV. Conclusions Our results suggest an association between specific PM2.5 constituents and vascular and cardiac autonomic functions. These findings may provide supportive evidence for developing a pollution reduction plan to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

AB - Background Although epidemiologic studies have shown an association between the total mass of particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disease, few studies have examined PM2.5 constituents associated with vascular and cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Methods In this longitudinal study, we investigated the relationship between PM2.5 constituents and blood pressure (BP), and markers of the autonomic nervous system. In 466 elderly subjects residing in communities in Seoul, Korea, we examined 16 constituents, seven sources, and total mass concentrations of PM2.5. We measured the BP, heart rate (HR), and indices of heart rate variability (HRV), such as the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (rMSSD), and two frequency-domain variables (low frequency [LF] and high frequency [HF]). We used linear mixed effects models to assess the association of PM2.5 constituents and sources with cardiovascular markers. Results BP, HR, and rMSSD were associated with concentration of total mass of PM2.5. For each increase of the interquartile range in PM2.5 constituents, systolic and diastolic BP, and HR increased by 2.1–3.3 mm Hg, 1.2–2.3 mm Hg, and 1.2–1.9 bpm, respectively, while the rMSSD, LF, and HF decreased by 8.1–9.3%, 16.6%, and 20.4%, respectively. Particularly, elemental carbon, sulfate, ammonium, lead, and strontium in the PM2.5 constituents and emissions from oil combustion and incineration were associated with increased BP, HR, and decreased HRV. Conclusions Our results suggest an association between specific PM2.5 constituents and vascular and cardiac autonomic functions. These findings may provide supportive evidence for developing a pollution reduction plan to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

KW - Aged

KW - Air Pollutants/analysis

KW - Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology

KW - Blood Pressure

KW - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology

KW - Female

KW - Heart Rate

KW - Humans

KW - Linear Models

KW - Longitudinal Studies

KW - Male

KW - Particulate Matter/analysis

KW - Seoul

U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.077

DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.077

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28711846

SN - 0048-9697

VL - 607-608

SP - 847

EP - 854

JO - The Science of the Total Environment

JF - The Science of the Total Environment

ER -