TY - JOUR
T1 - Vascular and cardiac autonomic function and PM2.5 constituents among the elderly
T2 - A longitudinal study
AU - Lim, Youn-Hee
AU - Bae, Hyun-Joo
AU - Yi, Seung-Muk
AU - Park, EunHa
AU - Lee, Bo-Eun
AU - Hong, Yun-Chul
N1 - Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/12/31
Y1 - 2017/12/31
N2 - Background Although epidemiologic studies have shown an association between the total mass of particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disease, few studies have examined PM2.5 constituents associated with vascular and cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Methods In this longitudinal study, we investigated the relationship between PM2.5 constituents and blood pressure (BP), and markers of the autonomic nervous system. In 466 elderly subjects residing in communities in Seoul, Korea, we examined 16 constituents, seven sources, and total mass concentrations of PM2.5. We measured the BP, heart rate (HR), and indices of heart rate variability (HRV), such as the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (rMSSD), and two frequency-domain variables (low frequency [LF] and high frequency [HF]). We used linear mixed effects models to assess the association of PM2.5 constituents and sources with cardiovascular markers. Results BP, HR, and rMSSD were associated with concentration of total mass of PM2.5. For each increase of the interquartile range in PM2.5 constituents, systolic and diastolic BP, and HR increased by 2.1–3.3 mm Hg, 1.2–2.3 mm Hg, and 1.2–1.9 bpm, respectively, while the rMSSD, LF, and HF decreased by 8.1–9.3%, 16.6%, and 20.4%, respectively. Particularly, elemental carbon, sulfate, ammonium, lead, and strontium in the PM2.5 constituents and emissions from oil combustion and incineration were associated with increased BP, HR, and decreased HRV. Conclusions Our results suggest an association between specific PM2.5 constituents and vascular and cardiac autonomic functions. These findings may provide supportive evidence for developing a pollution reduction plan to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
AB - Background Although epidemiologic studies have shown an association between the total mass of particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disease, few studies have examined PM2.5 constituents associated with vascular and cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Methods In this longitudinal study, we investigated the relationship between PM2.5 constituents and blood pressure (BP), and markers of the autonomic nervous system. In 466 elderly subjects residing in communities in Seoul, Korea, we examined 16 constituents, seven sources, and total mass concentrations of PM2.5. We measured the BP, heart rate (HR), and indices of heart rate variability (HRV), such as the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (rMSSD), and two frequency-domain variables (low frequency [LF] and high frequency [HF]). We used linear mixed effects models to assess the association of PM2.5 constituents and sources with cardiovascular markers. Results BP, HR, and rMSSD were associated with concentration of total mass of PM2.5. For each increase of the interquartile range in PM2.5 constituents, systolic and diastolic BP, and HR increased by 2.1–3.3 mm Hg, 1.2–2.3 mm Hg, and 1.2–1.9 bpm, respectively, while the rMSSD, LF, and HF decreased by 8.1–9.3%, 16.6%, and 20.4%, respectively. Particularly, elemental carbon, sulfate, ammonium, lead, and strontium in the PM2.5 constituents and emissions from oil combustion and incineration were associated with increased BP, HR, and decreased HRV. Conclusions Our results suggest an association between specific PM2.5 constituents and vascular and cardiac autonomic functions. These findings may provide supportive evidence for developing a pollution reduction plan to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
KW - Aged
KW - Air Pollutants/analysis
KW - Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology
KW - Blood Pressure
KW - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
KW - Female
KW - Heart Rate
KW - Humans
KW - Linear Models
KW - Longitudinal Studies
KW - Male
KW - Particulate Matter/analysis
KW - Seoul
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.077
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.077
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 28711846
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 607-608
SP - 847
EP - 854
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -
