Abstract
Despite their popular use and emerging evidences of adverse health effects, consequent trends in population level triclosan and benzophenone-3 exposure have been poorly evaluated. Therefore, we examined temporal trends of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 concentration in the general U.S. population by combining five cycles of National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2012) data. We calculated percent changes and the least square geometric means (LSGMs) of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 concentration from 10,232 participants by using multivariable regression models. As a result, LSGM concentration of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 did not show statistically significant changes over the study period. [Percent change (95% CI): Triclosan, -7.35% (-20.86, 8.47); Benzophenone-3, 7.08% (-27.88, 58.99)] However, we found decreasing trend of urinary triclosan concentration and increasing trend of urinary benzophenone-3 concentration since 2005-2006. Socio-demographic factors which affected urinary concentration of triclosan and benzophenone-3 persisted throughout 10 year study period. Highest income group showed higher level of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 concentration. Overall concentration of benzophenone-3 was higher in female than in male, and higher in non-Hispanic Whites than any other races/ethnicities.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Environmental Pollution |
| Volume | 208 |
| Issue number | Pt B |
| Pages (from-to) | 803-810 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| ISSN | 0269-7491 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2016 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Anti-Infective Agents, Local/urine
- Benzophenones/urine
- Environmental Monitoring
- Female
- Humans
- Least-Squares Analysis
- Male
- Multivariate Analysis
- Nutrition Surveys
- Socioeconomic Factors
- Triclosan/urine
- United States