TY - JOUR
T1 - Ten-year trends in urinary concentrations of triclosan and benzophenone-3 in the general U.S. population from 2003 to 2012
AU - Han, Changwoo
AU - Lim, Youn-Hee
AU - Hong, Yun-Chul
N1 - Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - Despite their popular use and emerging evidences of adverse health effects, consequent trends in population level triclosan and benzophenone-3 exposure have been poorly evaluated. Therefore, we examined temporal trends of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 concentration in the general U.S. population by combining five cycles of National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2012) data. We calculated percent changes and the least square geometric means (LSGMs) of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 concentration from 10,232 participants by using multivariable regression models. As a result, LSGM concentration of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 did not show statistically significant changes over the study period. [Percent change (95% CI): Triclosan, -7.35% (-20.86, 8.47); Benzophenone-3, 7.08% (-27.88, 58.99)] However, we found decreasing trend of urinary triclosan concentration and increasing trend of urinary benzophenone-3 concentration since 2005-2006. Socio-demographic factors which affected urinary concentration of triclosan and benzophenone-3 persisted throughout 10 year study period. Highest income group showed higher level of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 concentration. Overall concentration of benzophenone-3 was higher in female than in male, and higher in non-Hispanic Whites than any other races/ethnicities.
AB - Despite their popular use and emerging evidences of adverse health effects, consequent trends in population level triclosan and benzophenone-3 exposure have been poorly evaluated. Therefore, we examined temporal trends of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 concentration in the general U.S. population by combining five cycles of National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2012) data. We calculated percent changes and the least square geometric means (LSGMs) of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 concentration from 10,232 participants by using multivariable regression models. As a result, LSGM concentration of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 did not show statistically significant changes over the study period. [Percent change (95% CI): Triclosan, -7.35% (-20.86, 8.47); Benzophenone-3, 7.08% (-27.88, 58.99)] However, we found decreasing trend of urinary triclosan concentration and increasing trend of urinary benzophenone-3 concentration since 2005-2006. Socio-demographic factors which affected urinary concentration of triclosan and benzophenone-3 persisted throughout 10 year study period. Highest income group showed higher level of urinary triclosan and benzophenone-3 concentration. Overall concentration of benzophenone-3 was higher in female than in male, and higher in non-Hispanic Whites than any other races/ethnicities.
KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local/urine
KW - Benzophenones/urine
KW - Environmental Monitoring
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Least-Squares Analysis
KW - Male
KW - Multivariate Analysis
KW - Nutrition Surveys
KW - Socioeconomic Factors
KW - Triclosan/urine
KW - United States
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.002
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.002
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 26602792
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 208
SP - 803
EP - 810
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
IS - Pt B
ER -