Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are activated early in optic neuritis

TY - JOUR

T1 - Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are activated early in optic neuritis

AU - Tsakiri, A

AU - Ravanidis, S

AU - Lagoudaki, R

AU - Poulatsidou, K-N

AU - Svane, I M

AU - Frederiksen, Jette Lautrup

AU - Grigoriadis, N

N1 - © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

PY - 2015/5/1

Y1 - 2015/5/1

N2 - Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of different immunological mediators in blood and CSF in patients with acute ON and to estimate whether they were implicated in pro- or anti-inflammatory or even regulatory reactions in comparison with a healthy control group (HC). Methods: Sixty-four patients between 18 and 59 years of age suffering by acute ON, onset of <4 weeks, were included in the study. Visual tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in ON. Blood and CSF samples were collected from untreated patients and from a gender- and age-matched voluntary HC (n = 32). The mRNA expression of distinct cytokines and neurotrophic factors was assessed by semi/quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results: Brain- and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF and GDNF) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression was significantly increased in the CSF compared to the blood in both ON and HC (P < 0.001). In the CSF increased levels of BDNF and GDNF of the ON group were positively correlated with the presence of oligoclonal bands (OB). Additionally, patients with gadolinium (gd+) lesions on brain MRI showed increased levels of IL-5 in blood (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Our data indicate that both immuno-regulatory and neuroprotective mechanisms may potentially take place relatively early in the course of the ON. The presence of neurotrophic factors in healthy CSF and their overexpression already during the acute phase of ON supports the alertness of CNS defence mechanisms ready to be activated during degenerative events, such as destruction of the myelin.

AB - Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of different immunological mediators in blood and CSF in patients with acute ON and to estimate whether they were implicated in pro- or anti-inflammatory or even regulatory reactions in comparison with a healthy control group (HC). Methods: Sixty-four patients between 18 and 59 years of age suffering by acute ON, onset of <4 weeks, were included in the study. Visual tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in ON. Blood and CSF samples were collected from untreated patients and from a gender- and age-matched voluntary HC (n = 32). The mRNA expression of distinct cytokines and neurotrophic factors was assessed by semi/quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results: Brain- and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF and GDNF) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression was significantly increased in the CSF compared to the blood in both ON and HC (P < 0.001). In the CSF increased levels of BDNF and GDNF of the ON group were positively correlated with the presence of oligoclonal bands (OB). Additionally, patients with gadolinium (gd+) lesions on brain MRI showed increased levels of IL-5 in blood (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Our data indicate that both immuno-regulatory and neuroprotective mechanisms may potentially take place relatively early in the course of the ON. The presence of neurotrophic factors in healthy CSF and their overexpression already during the acute phase of ON supports the alertness of CNS defence mechanisms ready to be activated during degenerative events, such as destruction of the myelin.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Inflammation Mediators

KW - Interleukin-10

KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Nerve Growth Factors

KW - Oligoclonal Bands

KW - Optic Neuritis

KW - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1111/ane.12344

DO - 10.1111/ane.12344

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25565254

SN - 0001-6314

VL - 131

SP - 305

EP - 312

JO - Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

JF - Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

IS - 5

ER -