Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism

Brice Emanuelli; Sara G Vienberg; Graham Smyth; Christine Cheng; Kristin I Stanford; Manimozhiyan Arumugam; Mervyn D Michael; Andrew C Adams; Alexei Kharitonenkov; C Ronald Kahn

doi:10.1172/JCI67353

Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism

Brice Emanuelli, Sara G Vienberg, Graham Smyth, Christine Cheng, Kristin I Stanford, Manimozhiyan Arumugam, Mervyn D Michael, Andrew C Adams, Alexei Kharitonenkov, C Ronald Kahn

151 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The hormone FGF21 regulates carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis as well as body weight, and increasing FGF21 improves metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity and diabetes. FGF21 is thought to act on its target tissues, including liver and adipose tissue, to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity. Here, we used mice with selective hepatic inactivation of the IR (LIRKO) to determine whether insulin sensitization in liver mediates FGF21 metabolic actions. Remarkably, hyperglycemia was completely normalized following FGF21 treatment in LIRKO mice, even though FGF21 did not reduce gluconeogenesis in these animals. Improvements in blood sugar were due in part to increased glucose uptake in brown fat, browning of white fat, and overall increased energy expenditure. These effects were preserved even after removal of the main interscapular brown fat pad. In contrast to its retained effects on reducing glucose levels, the effects of FGF21 on reducing circulating cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides and regulating the expression of key genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism in liver were disrupted in LIRKO mice. Thus, FGF21 corrects hyperglycemia in diabetic mice independently of insulin action in the liver by increasing energy metabolism via activation of brown fat and browning of white fat, but intact liver insulin action is required for FGF21 to control hepatic lipid metabolism.

Original language	English
Journal	The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Volume	124
Issue number	2
Pages (from-to)	515-27
Number of pages	13
ISSN	0021-9738
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI67353
Publication status	Published - 3 Feb 2014

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10.1172/JCI67353

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title = "Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism",

abstract = "The hormone FGF21 regulates carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis as well as body weight, and increasing FGF21 improves metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity and diabetes. FGF21 is thought to act on its target tissues, including liver and adipose tissue, to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity. Here, we used mice with selective hepatic inactivation of the IR (LIRKO) to determine whether insulin sensitization in liver mediates FGF21 metabolic actions. Remarkably, hyperglycemia was completely normalized following FGF21 treatment in LIRKO mice, even though FGF21 did not reduce gluconeogenesis in these animals. Improvements in blood sugar were due in part to increased glucose uptake in brown fat, browning of white fat, and overall increased energy expenditure. These effects were preserved even after removal of the main interscapular brown fat pad. In contrast to its retained effects on reducing glucose levels, the effects of FGF21 on reducing circulating cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides and regulating the expression of key genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism in liver were disrupted in LIRKO mice. Thus, FGF21 corrects hyperglycemia in diabetic mice independently of insulin action in the liver by increasing energy metabolism via activation of brown fat and browning of white fat, but intact liver insulin action is required for FGF21 to control hepatic lipid metabolism.",

author = "Brice Emanuelli and Vienberg, {Sara G} and Graham Smyth and Christine Cheng and Stanford, {Kristin I} and Manimozhiyan Arumugam and Michael, {Mervyn D} and Adams, {Andrew C} and Alexei Kharitonenkov and Kahn, {C Ronald}",

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T1 - Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism

AU - Emanuelli, Brice

AU - Vienberg, Sara G

AU - Smyth, Graham

AU - Cheng, Christine

AU - Stanford, Kristin I

AU - Arumugam, Manimozhiyan

AU - Michael, Mervyn D

AU - Adams, Andrew C

AU - Kharitonenkov, Alexei

AU - Kahn, C Ronald

PY - 2014/2/3

Y1 - 2014/2/3

N2 - The hormone FGF21 regulates carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis as well as body weight, and increasing FGF21 improves metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity and diabetes. FGF21 is thought to act on its target tissues, including liver and adipose tissue, to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity. Here, we used mice with selective hepatic inactivation of the IR (LIRKO) to determine whether insulin sensitization in liver mediates FGF21 metabolic actions. Remarkably, hyperglycemia was completely normalized following FGF21 treatment in LIRKO mice, even though FGF21 did not reduce gluconeogenesis in these animals. Improvements in blood sugar were due in part to increased glucose uptake in brown fat, browning of white fat, and overall increased energy expenditure. These effects were preserved even after removal of the main interscapular brown fat pad. In contrast to its retained effects on reducing glucose levels, the effects of FGF21 on reducing circulating cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides and regulating the expression of key genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism in liver were disrupted in LIRKO mice. Thus, FGF21 corrects hyperglycemia in diabetic mice independently of insulin action in the liver by increasing energy metabolism via activation of brown fat and browning of white fat, but intact liver insulin action is required for FGF21 to control hepatic lipid metabolism.

AB - The hormone FGF21 regulates carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis as well as body weight, and increasing FGF21 improves metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity and diabetes. FGF21 is thought to act on its target tissues, including liver and adipose tissue, to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity. Here, we used mice with selective hepatic inactivation of the IR (LIRKO) to determine whether insulin sensitization in liver mediates FGF21 metabolic actions. Remarkably, hyperglycemia was completely normalized following FGF21 treatment in LIRKO mice, even though FGF21 did not reduce gluconeogenesis in these animals. Improvements in blood sugar were due in part to increased glucose uptake in brown fat, browning of white fat, and overall increased energy expenditure. These effects were preserved even after removal of the main interscapular brown fat pad. In contrast to its retained effects on reducing glucose levels, the effects of FGF21 on reducing circulating cholesterol and hepatic triglycerides and regulating the expression of key genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism in liver were disrupted in LIRKO mice. Thus, FGF21 corrects hyperglycemia in diabetic mice independently of insulin action in the liver by increasing energy metabolism via activation of brown fat and browning of white fat, but intact liver insulin action is required for FGF21 to control hepatic lipid metabolism.

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DO - 10.1172/JCI67353

M3 - Journal article

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SN - 0021-9738

VL - 124

SP - 515

EP - 527

JO - The Journal of Clinical Investigation

JF - The Journal of Clinical Investigation

IS - 2

ER -

Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism

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