Biomarkers of individual foods, and separation of diets using untargeted LC-MS-based plasma metabolomics in a randomized controlled trial

TY - JOUR

T1 - Biomarkers of individual foods, and separation of diets using untargeted LC-MS-based plasma metabolomics in a randomized controlled trial

AU - Acar, Evrim

AU - Gürdeniz, Gözde

AU - Khakimov, Bekzod

AU - Savorani, Francesco

AU - Korndal, Sanne Kellebjerg

AU - Larsen, Thomas Meinert

AU - Engelsen, Søren Balling

AU - Astrup, Arne

AU - Dragsted, Lars Ove

N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 010

PY - 2019/1

Y1 - 2019/1

N2 - Scope: Self-reported dietary intake does not represent an objective unbiased assessment. The effect of the new Nordic diet (NND) versus average Danish diet (ADD) on plasma metabolic profiles is investigated to identify biomarkers of compliance and metabolic effects. Methods and results: In a 26-week controlled dietary intervention study, 146 subjects followed either NND, a predominantly organic diet high in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and fish, or ADD, a diet higher in imported and processed foods. Fasting plasma samples are analyzed with untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight. It is demonstrated that supervised machine learning with feature selection can separate NND and ADD samples with an average test set performance of up to 0.88 area under the curve. The NND plasma metabolome is characterized by diet-related metabolites, such as pipecolic acid betaine (whole grain), trimethylamine oxide, and prolyl hydroxyproline (both fish intake), while theobromine (chocolate) and proline betaine (citrus) were associated with ADD. Amino acid (i.e., indolelactic acid and hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate) and fat metabolism (butyryl carnitine) characterize ADD whereas NND is associated with higher concentrations of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines. Conclusions: The plasma metabolite profiles are predictive of dietary patterns and reflected good compliance while indicating effects of potential health benefit, including changes in fat metabolism and glucose utilization.

AB - Scope: Self-reported dietary intake does not represent an objective unbiased assessment. The effect of the new Nordic diet (NND) versus average Danish diet (ADD) on plasma metabolic profiles is investigated to identify biomarkers of compliance and metabolic effects. Methods and results: In a 26-week controlled dietary intervention study, 146 subjects followed either NND, a predominantly organic diet high in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and fish, or ADD, a diet higher in imported and processed foods. Fasting plasma samples are analyzed with untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight. It is demonstrated that supervised machine learning with feature selection can separate NND and ADD samples with an average test set performance of up to 0.88 area under the curve. The NND plasma metabolome is characterized by diet-related metabolites, such as pipecolic acid betaine (whole grain), trimethylamine oxide, and prolyl hydroxyproline (both fish intake), while theobromine (chocolate) and proline betaine (citrus) were associated with ADD. Amino acid (i.e., indolelactic acid and hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate) and fat metabolism (butyryl carnitine) characterize ADD whereas NND is associated with higher concentrations of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines. Conclusions: The plasma metabolite profiles are predictive of dietary patterns and reflected good compliance while indicating effects of potential health benefit, including changes in fat metabolism and glucose utilization.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Untargeted metabolomics

KW - LC-MS

KW - Plasma

KW - Biomarker patterns

KW - Compliance

U2 - 10.1002/mnfr.201800215

DO - 10.1002/mnfr.201800215

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30094970

SN - 1613-4125

VL - 63

JO - Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

JF - Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

IS - 1

M1 - 1800215

ER -