Urinary phthalate metabolites concentrations and symptoms of depression in an elderly population

TY - JOUR

T1 - Urinary phthalate metabolites concentrations and symptoms of depression in an elderly population

AU - Lee, Kyung-Shin

AU - Lim, Youn-Hee

AU - Kim, Kyoung-Nam

AU - Choi, Yoon-Hyeong

AU - Hong, Yun-Chul

AU - Lee, Nami

N1 - Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PY - 2018/6/1

Y1 - 2018/6/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Animal studies have reported an association between phthalates and depression, although there is limited evidence from epidemiological studies. We investigated the association between phthalate exposure and symptoms of depression in an elderly population.METHODS: Repeated measures surveys up to three times were conducted during the study period (2012-2014) in the 535 elderly subjects. We measured the following urinary phthalate metabolite levels: mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP are metabolites of diethylhexyl phthalates (DEHP). MnBP and MBzP are metabolites of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate, respectively. The phthalate metabolite concentrations were evaluated to identify associations with the symptoms of depression using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K). After factor analysis of the components of SGDS-K, we evaluated the association between phthalate exposure and SGDS-K subgroups to determine which symptoms of depression were affected by phthalate exposure.RESULTS: Concentrations of DEHP metabolites were positively associated with the risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly population (Odds ratio (95% confidence interval); 1.92 (1.17-3.13) for sum of three DEHP metabolites), while we found no significant association between depressive symptoms and either MnBP or MBzP. When we evaluated the associations between phthalate metabolite concentrations and the SDGS-K subgroup, we found that affective and spiritual symptoms were significantly associated with DEHP metabolite concentrations.CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that DEHP exposure is associated with depressive symptoms, particularly, the affective and spiritual symptoms, among the elderly population.

AB - BACKGROUND: Animal studies have reported an association between phthalates and depression, although there is limited evidence from epidemiological studies. We investigated the association between phthalate exposure and symptoms of depression in an elderly population.METHODS: Repeated measures surveys up to three times were conducted during the study period (2012-2014) in the 535 elderly subjects. We measured the following urinary phthalate metabolite levels: mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP). MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP are metabolites of diethylhexyl phthalates (DEHP). MnBP and MBzP are metabolites of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate, respectively. The phthalate metabolite concentrations were evaluated to identify associations with the symptoms of depression using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K). After factor analysis of the components of SGDS-K, we evaluated the association between phthalate exposure and SGDS-K subgroups to determine which symptoms of depression were affected by phthalate exposure.RESULTS: Concentrations of DEHP metabolites were positively associated with the risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly population (Odds ratio (95% confidence interval); 1.92 (1.17-3.13) for sum of three DEHP metabolites), while we found no significant association between depressive symptoms and either MnBP or MBzP. When we evaluated the associations between phthalate metabolite concentrations and the SDGS-K subgroup, we found that affective and spiritual symptoms were significantly associated with DEHP metabolite concentrations.CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that DEHP exposure is associated with depressive symptoms, particularly, the affective and spiritual symptoms, among the elderly population.

KW - Aged

KW - Depression/epidemiology

KW - Dibutyl Phthalate/urine

KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate/urine

KW - Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data

KW - Environmental Pollutants/urine

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Phthalic Acids/urine

U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.219

DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.219

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29996415

SN - 0048-9697

VL - 625

SP - 1191

EP - 1197

JO - The Science of the Total Environment

JF - The Science of the Total Environment

ER -