Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia

Jimmi Nielsen; Rasmus Røge; Sofie Gry Pristed; Anne Grethe Viuff; Henrik Ullum; Lise Wegner Thørner; Thomas Werge; Torkel Vang

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu118

Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia

Jimmi Nielsen, Rasmus Røge, Sofie Gry Pristed, Anne Grethe Viuff, Henrik Ullum, Lise Wegner Thørner, Thomas Werge, Torkel Vang

Department of Clinical Medicine

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: The etiology of schizophrenia remains largely unknown but alterations in the immune system may be involved. In addition to the psychiatric symptoms, schizophrenia is also associated with up to 20 years reduction in life span. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a protein that can be measured in blood samples and reflects the levels of inflammatory activity. It has been associated with mortality and the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methods: suPAR levels in patients with schizophrenia were compared to healthy controls from the Danish Blood Donor Study. SuPAR levels were dichotomized at >4.0 ng, ml, which is considered the threshold for low grade inflammation. A multiple logistic regression model was used and adjusted for age, sex, and current smoking. Results: In total we included 1009 subjects, 105 cases with schizophrenia (10.4%) and 904 controls (89.6%). The mean suPAR values were 4.01 ng, ml (SD = 1.43) for the cases vs 1.91 ng, ml (SD = 1.35) for the controls (P < .001). Multiple logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) for suPAR levels >4.0 ng, ml yielded: schizophrenia, OR: 46.15 95% CI 22.69-93.87, P < .001; age, OR: 1.02 95% CI 0.99-1.02, P = .15; male sex, OR: 0.70 95% CI 0.35-1.36, P = .29; and current smoking, OR: 3.51 95% CI 1.78-6.94, P < .001. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher suPAR levels than healthy controls. Further studies are warranted to clarify if elevated suPAR levels are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and, or the increased mortality found in patients with schizophrenia.

Original language	English
Journal	Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume	41
Issue number	3
Pages (from-to)	764-71
Number of pages	8
ISSN	0586-7614
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu118
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2015

Keywords

Adult
Denmark
Female
Humans
Inflammation
Male
Middle Aged
Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
Schizophrenia

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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title = "Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia",

abstract = "Background: The etiology of schizophrenia remains largely unknown but alterations in the immune system may be involved. In addition to the psychiatric symptoms, schizophrenia is also associated with up to 20 years reduction in life span. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a protein that can be measured in blood samples and reflects the levels of inflammatory activity. It has been associated with mortality and the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methods: suPAR levels in patients with schizophrenia were compared to healthy controls from the Danish Blood Donor Study. SuPAR levels were dichotomized at >4.0 ng, ml, which is considered the threshold for low grade inflammation. A multiple logistic regression model was used and adjusted for age, sex, and current smoking. Results: In total we included 1009 subjects, 105 cases with schizophrenia (10.4%) and 904 controls (89.6%). The mean suPAR values were 4.01 ng, ml (SD = 1.43) for the cases vs 1.91 ng, ml (SD = 1.35) for the controls (P < .001). Multiple logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) for suPAR levels >4.0 ng, ml yielded: schizophrenia, OR: 46.15 95% CI 22.69-93.87, P < .001; age, OR: 1.02 95% CI 0.99-1.02, P = .15; male sex, OR: 0.70 95% CI 0.35-1.36, P = .29; and current smoking, OR: 3.51 95% CI 1.78-6.94, P < .001. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher suPAR levels than healthy controls. Further studies are warranted to clarify if elevated suPAR levels are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and, or the increased mortality found in patients with schizophrenia.",

keywords = "Adult, Denmark, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator, Schizophrenia",

author = "Jimmi Nielsen and Rasmus R{\o}ge and Pristed, {Sofie Gry} and Viuff, {Anne Grethe} and Henrik Ullum and Th{\o}rner, {Lise Wegner} and Thomas Werge and Torkel Vang",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected].",

year = "2015",

month = may,

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doi = "10.1093/schbul/sbu118",

language = "English",

volume = "41",

pages = "764--71",

journal = "Schizophrenia Bulletin",

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T1 - Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia

AU - Nielsen, Jimmi

AU - Røge, Rasmus

AU - Pristed, Sofie Gry

AU - Viuff, Anne Grethe

AU - Ullum, Henrik

AU - Thørner, Lise Wegner

AU - Werge, Thomas

AU - Vang, Torkel

PY - 2015/5/1

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N2 - Background: The etiology of schizophrenia remains largely unknown but alterations in the immune system may be involved. In addition to the psychiatric symptoms, schizophrenia is also associated with up to 20 years reduction in life span. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a protein that can be measured in blood samples and reflects the levels of inflammatory activity. It has been associated with mortality and the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methods: suPAR levels in patients with schizophrenia were compared to healthy controls from the Danish Blood Donor Study. SuPAR levels were dichotomized at >4.0 ng, ml, which is considered the threshold for low grade inflammation. A multiple logistic regression model was used and adjusted for age, sex, and current smoking. Results: In total we included 1009 subjects, 105 cases with schizophrenia (10.4%) and 904 controls (89.6%). The mean suPAR values were 4.01 ng, ml (SD = 1.43) for the cases vs 1.91 ng, ml (SD = 1.35) for the controls (P < .001). Multiple logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) for suPAR levels >4.0 ng, ml yielded: schizophrenia, OR: 46.15 95% CI 22.69-93.87, P < .001; age, OR: 1.02 95% CI 0.99-1.02, P = .15; male sex, OR: 0.70 95% CI 0.35-1.36, P = .29; and current smoking, OR: 3.51 95% CI 1.78-6.94, P < .001. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher suPAR levels than healthy controls. Further studies are warranted to clarify if elevated suPAR levels are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and, or the increased mortality found in patients with schizophrenia.

AB - Background: The etiology of schizophrenia remains largely unknown but alterations in the immune system may be involved. In addition to the psychiatric symptoms, schizophrenia is also associated with up to 20 years reduction in life span. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a protein that can be measured in blood samples and reflects the levels of inflammatory activity. It has been associated with mortality and the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methods: suPAR levels in patients with schizophrenia were compared to healthy controls from the Danish Blood Donor Study. SuPAR levels were dichotomized at >4.0 ng, ml, which is considered the threshold for low grade inflammation. A multiple logistic regression model was used and adjusted for age, sex, and current smoking. Results: In total we included 1009 subjects, 105 cases with schizophrenia (10.4%) and 904 controls (89.6%). The mean suPAR values were 4.01 ng, ml (SD = 1.43) for the cases vs 1.91 ng, ml (SD = 1.35) for the controls (P < .001). Multiple logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) for suPAR levels >4.0 ng, ml yielded: schizophrenia, OR: 46.15 95% CI 22.69-93.87, P < .001; age, OR: 1.02 95% CI 0.99-1.02, P = .15; male sex, OR: 0.70 95% CI 0.35-1.36, P = .29; and current smoking, OR: 3.51 95% CI 1.78-6.94, P < .001. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher suPAR levels than healthy controls. Further studies are warranted to clarify if elevated suPAR levels are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and, or the increased mortality found in patients with schizophrenia.

KW - Adult

KW - Denmark

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Inflammation

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

KW - Schizophrenia

U2 - 10.1093/schbul/sbu118

DO - 10.1093/schbul/sbu118

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25154621

SN - 0586-7614

VL - 41

SP - 764

EP - 771

JO - Schizophrenia Bulletin

JF - Schizophrenia Bulletin

IS - 3

ER -

Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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