Reference values of electrocardiogram repolarization variables in a healthy population

Christian Haarmark; Claus Graff; Mads P Andersen; Thomas Bork Hardahl; Johannes J. Struijk; Egon Toft; Joel Xue; Gordon I Rowlandson; Peter R Hansen; Jørgen K. Kanters

doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.08.001

Reference values of electrocardiogram repolarization variables in a healthy population

Christian Haarmark, Claus Graff, Mads P Andersen, Thomas Bork Hardahl, Johannes J. Struijk, Egon Toft, Joel Xue, Gordon I Rowlandson, Peter R Hansen, Jørgen K. Kanters

52 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Introduction: Reference values for T-wave morphology analysis and evaluation of the relationship with age, sex, and heart rate are lacking in the literature. In this study, we characterized T-wave morphology in a large sample of healthy individuals. Method: A total of 1081 healthy subjects (83% men; range, 17-81 years) were included. T-wave morphology variables describing the duration, area, slopes, amplitude, and distribution were calculated using 10-second digital electrocardiogram recordings. Multivariate regression was used to test for dependence of T-wave variables with the subject age, sex, and heart rate. Results: Lead V5 (men vs women) T-wave variables were as follows: amplitude, 444 versus 317 μV; area, 48.4 versus 33.2 ms * mV; Tpeak-Tend interval, 94 versus 92 milliseconds; maximal descending slope, -5.15 versus -3.69 μV/ms; skewness, -0.24 versus -0.22; and kurtosis, -0.36 versus -0.35. Tpeak-Tend interval, skewness, and kurtosis were independent of age, sex, and heart rate (r² < 0.05), whereas Bazett-corrected QT-interval was more dependent (r² = 0.40). Conclusion: A selection of T-wave morphology variables is found to be clinically independent of age, sex, and heart rate, including Tpeak-Tend interval, skewness, and kurtosis.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Electrocardiology
Volume	43
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	31-9
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0022-0736
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.08.001
Publication status	Published - Jan 2010

Keywords

Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Electrocardiography
Female
Heart Conduction System
Heart Rate
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Minnesota
Reference Values
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
Young Adult

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.08.001

Cite this

@article{db9173fab9f84063b0291e0cb0610988,

title = "Reference values of electrocardiogram repolarization variables in a healthy population",

abstract = "Introduction: Reference values for T-wave morphology analysis and evaluation of the relationship with age, sex, and heart rate are lacking in the literature. In this study, we characterized T-wave morphology in a large sample of healthy individuals. Method: A total of 1081 healthy subjects (83% men; range, 17-81 years) were included. T-wave morphology variables describing the duration, area, slopes, amplitude, and distribution were calculated using 10-second digital electrocardiogram recordings. Multivariate regression was used to test for dependence of T-wave variables with the subject age, sex, and heart rate. Results: Lead V5 (men vs women) T-wave variables were as follows: amplitude, 444 versus 317 μV; area, 48.4 versus 33.2 ms * mV; Tpeak-Tend interval, 94 versus 92 milliseconds; maximal descending slope, -5.15 versus -3.69 μV/ms; skewness, -0.24 versus -0.22; and kurtosis, -0.36 versus -0.35. Tpeak-Tend interval, skewness, and kurtosis were independent of age, sex, and heart rate (r2 < 0.05), whereas Bazett-corrected QT-interval was more dependent (r2 = 0.40). Conclusion: A selection of T-wave morphology variables is found to be clinically independent of age, sex, and heart rate, including Tpeak-Tend interval, skewness, and kurtosis.",

keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Conduction System, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Young Adult",

author = "Christian Haarmark and Claus Graff and Andersen, {Mads P} and Hardahl, {Thomas Bork} and Struijk, {Johannes J.} and Egon Toft and Joel Xue and Rowlandson, {Gordon I} and Hansen, {Peter R} and Kanters, {J{\o}rgen K.}",

year = "2010",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.08.001",

language = "English",

volume = "43",

pages = "31--9",

journal = "Journal of Electrocardiology",

issn = "0022-0736",

publisher = "Churchill Livingstone",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Reference values of electrocardiogram repolarization variables in a healthy population

AU - Haarmark, Christian

AU - Graff, Claus

AU - Andersen, Mads P

AU - Hardahl, Thomas Bork

AU - Struijk, Johannes J.

AU - Toft, Egon

AU - Xue, Joel

AU - Rowlandson, Gordon I

AU - Hansen, Peter R

AU - Kanters, Jørgen K.

PY - 2010/1

Y1 - 2010/1

N2 - Introduction: Reference values for T-wave morphology analysis and evaluation of the relationship with age, sex, and heart rate are lacking in the literature. In this study, we characterized T-wave morphology in a large sample of healthy individuals. Method: A total of 1081 healthy subjects (83% men; range, 17-81 years) were included. T-wave morphology variables describing the duration, area, slopes, amplitude, and distribution were calculated using 10-second digital electrocardiogram recordings. Multivariate regression was used to test for dependence of T-wave variables with the subject age, sex, and heart rate. Results: Lead V5 (men vs women) T-wave variables were as follows: amplitude, 444 versus 317 μV; area, 48.4 versus 33.2 ms * mV; Tpeak-Tend interval, 94 versus 92 milliseconds; maximal descending slope, -5.15 versus -3.69 μV/ms; skewness, -0.24 versus -0.22; and kurtosis, -0.36 versus -0.35. Tpeak-Tend interval, skewness, and kurtosis were independent of age, sex, and heart rate (r2 < 0.05), whereas Bazett-corrected QT-interval was more dependent (r2 = 0.40). Conclusion: A selection of T-wave morphology variables is found to be clinically independent of age, sex, and heart rate, including Tpeak-Tend interval, skewness, and kurtosis.

AB - Introduction: Reference values for T-wave morphology analysis and evaluation of the relationship with age, sex, and heart rate are lacking in the literature. In this study, we characterized T-wave morphology in a large sample of healthy individuals. Method: A total of 1081 healthy subjects (83% men; range, 17-81 years) were included. T-wave morphology variables describing the duration, area, slopes, amplitude, and distribution were calculated using 10-second digital electrocardiogram recordings. Multivariate regression was used to test for dependence of T-wave variables with the subject age, sex, and heart rate. Results: Lead V5 (men vs women) T-wave variables were as follows: amplitude, 444 versus 317 μV; area, 48.4 versus 33.2 ms * mV; Tpeak-Tend interval, 94 versus 92 milliseconds; maximal descending slope, -5.15 versus -3.69 μV/ms; skewness, -0.24 versus -0.22; and kurtosis, -0.36 versus -0.35. Tpeak-Tend interval, skewness, and kurtosis were independent of age, sex, and heart rate (r2 < 0.05), whereas Bazett-corrected QT-interval was more dependent (r2 = 0.40). Conclusion: A selection of T-wave morphology variables is found to be clinically independent of age, sex, and heart rate, including Tpeak-Tend interval, skewness, and kurtosis.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Aged, 80 and over

KW - Electrocardiography

KW - Female

KW - Heart Conduction System

KW - Heart Rate

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Minnesota

KW - Reference Values

KW - Reproducibility of Results

KW - Sensitivity and Specificity

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.08.001

DO - 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2009.08.001

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 19740481

SN - 0022-0736

VL - 43

SP - 31

EP - 39

JO - Journal of Electrocardiology

JF - Journal of Electrocardiology

IS - 1

ER -

Reference values of electrocardiogram repolarization variables in a healthy population

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this