TY - JOUR
T1 - Potent 4-aryl- or 4-arylalkyl-substituted 3-isoxazolol GABAA antagonists
T2 - Synthesis, pharmacology, and molecular modeling
AU - Frølund, Bente
AU - Jensen, Lars S.
AU - Guandalini, Luca
AU - Canillo, Carolina
AU - Vestergaard, Henrik T.
AU - Kristiansen, Uffe
AU - Nielsen, Birgitte
AU - Stensbøl, Tine B.
AU - Madsen, Christian
AU - Krogsgaard-Larsen, Povl
AU - Liljefors, Tommy
PY - 2005/1/27
Y1 - 2005/1/27
N2 - We have previously described a series of competitive GABAA antagonists derived from the low-efficacy partial agonist 5-(4-piperidyl)-3- isoxazolol (4-PIOL, 4). The 2-naphthylmethyl analogue, 4-(2-naphthylmethyl)-5- (4-piperidyl)-3-isoxazolol (5), provided affinity for the GABAA receptor site higher than that of the standard GABAA receptor antagonist, SR 95531 (3). Molecular modeling studies of these compounds exposed a cavity at the receptor recognition site capable of accommodating aromatic groups of substantial size in the 4-position in the 3-isoxazolol ring. Here we present a series of analogues of 5, with various substituents in different positions in the naphthyl ring system (6a-k), and compounds with aromatic substituents directly attached to the 4-position of the 3-isoxazolol ring (71-n). The compounds have been pharmacologically characterized using receptor-binding assays and electrophysiological whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. All of the tested compounds show affinity for the GABAA receptor site. While the 5-, 7-, and 8-bromo analogues, 6b-d, showed receptor affinities (Ki = 45, 109, and 80 nM, respectively) comparable with that of 5 (Ki = 49 nM), the 1-bromo analogue, 6a, provided the highest receptor affinity of the series (Ki = 10 nM). Introduction of a series of different substituents in the 1-position in the 2-naphthyl ring system led to compounds, 6c-k, with retained high affinity for the GABA A receptor (Ki = 16-250 nM). Introduction of a phenyl ring directly into the 4-position on the 3-isoxazolol ring gave a 41-fold increase in affinity relative to that of 4-PIOL. In whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from cultured cerebral cortical neurons, all of the tested compounds were able to inhibit the effect of the specific GABAA agonist isoguvacine, 6a showing antagonist potency (IC50 = 42 nM) markedly higher than that of 3 (IC50 = 240 nM). Molecular modeling studies, based on the compounds described, emphasized the importance of the distal ring in 5 for receptor affinity and the considerable dimensions of the proposed receptor cavity. Furthermore, the phenyl rings in 71 and in 6k were shown to represent highly favorable positions for an aromatic ring in previously unexplored receptor regions in terms of a pharmacophore model.
AB - We have previously described a series of competitive GABAA antagonists derived from the low-efficacy partial agonist 5-(4-piperidyl)-3- isoxazolol (4-PIOL, 4). The 2-naphthylmethyl analogue, 4-(2-naphthylmethyl)-5- (4-piperidyl)-3-isoxazolol (5), provided affinity for the GABAA receptor site higher than that of the standard GABAA receptor antagonist, SR 95531 (3). Molecular modeling studies of these compounds exposed a cavity at the receptor recognition site capable of accommodating aromatic groups of substantial size in the 4-position in the 3-isoxazolol ring. Here we present a series of analogues of 5, with various substituents in different positions in the naphthyl ring system (6a-k), and compounds with aromatic substituents directly attached to the 4-position of the 3-isoxazolol ring (71-n). The compounds have been pharmacologically characterized using receptor-binding assays and electrophysiological whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. All of the tested compounds show affinity for the GABAA receptor site. While the 5-, 7-, and 8-bromo analogues, 6b-d, showed receptor affinities (Ki = 45, 109, and 80 nM, respectively) comparable with that of 5 (Ki = 49 nM), the 1-bromo analogue, 6a, provided the highest receptor affinity of the series (Ki = 10 nM). Introduction of a series of different substituents in the 1-position in the 2-naphthyl ring system led to compounds, 6c-k, with retained high affinity for the GABA A receptor (Ki = 16-250 nM). Introduction of a phenyl ring directly into the 4-position on the 3-isoxazolol ring gave a 41-fold increase in affinity relative to that of 4-PIOL. In whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from cultured cerebral cortical neurons, all of the tested compounds were able to inhibit the effect of the specific GABAA agonist isoguvacine, 6a showing antagonist potency (IC50 = 42 nM) markedly higher than that of 3 (IC50 = 240 nM). Molecular modeling studies, based on the compounds described, emphasized the importance of the distal ring in 5 for receptor affinity and the considerable dimensions of the proposed receptor cavity. Furthermore, the phenyl rings in 71 and in 6k were shown to represent highly favorable positions for an aromatic ring in previously unexplored receptor regions in terms of a pharmacophore model.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=19944433629&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/jm049256w
DO - 10.1021/jm049256w
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 15658856
AN - SCOPUS:19944433629
SN - 0022-2623
VL - 48
SP - 427
EP - 439
JO - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
IS - 2
ER -