Postnatal growth following prenatal lead exposure and calcium intake

Yun-Chul Hong; Surabhi Shah Kulkarni; Youn-Hee Lim; Eunjeong Kim; Mina Ha; Hyesook Park; Yangho Kim; Bung-Nyun Kim; Namsoo Chang; Se-Young Oh; Young-Ju Kim; Chooghee Park; Eun-hee Ha

doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1658

Postnatal growth following prenatal lead exposure and calcium intake

Yun-Chul Hong, Surabhi Shah Kulkarni, Youn-Hee Lim, Eunjeong Kim, Mina Ha, Hyesook Park, Yangho Kim, Bung-Nyun Kim, Namsoo Chang, Se-Young Oh, Young-Ju Kim, Chooghee Park, Eun-hee Ha

33 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The effects on postnatal growth of maternal exposure to low levels of lead during pregnancy have not been well established. In addition, information is limited regarding the protective effect of dietary calcium intake during pregnancy against the effect of lead for fetal and postnatal growth. We investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to lead and growth at birth and 6, 12, and 24 months postnatal, and evaluated the role of calcium intake against the effect of lead. METHODS: A total of 1150 pregnant women, and their subsequent offspring, enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study (Mothers and Children's Environmental Health Study), were evaluated. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of prenatal maternal blood lead levels on growth at each follow-up. RESULTS: The blood lead levels of participating mothers were <5.0 μg/dL and mean levels were 1.25 μg/dL during the early (before 20 gestational weeks) and late (at delivery) gestational periods. Prenatal exposure to lead, particularly in late pregnancy, was significantly associated with a reduction in infantile growth at 24 months. When pregnant women had dietary calcium intake at mean or upper level, the association was not significant. In contrast, lower than mean level of calcium intake intensified the adverse effect of prenatal lead exposure on growth in children. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal lead exposure <5.0 μg/dL adversely affects postnatal growth and low calcium intake aggravates the effect, indicating more stringent control of lead and sufficient intake of calcium are necessary to help children's health.

Original language	English
Journal	Pediatrics
Volume	134
Issue number	6
Pages (from-to)	1151-1159
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0031-4005
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1658
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2014
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Body Height/drug effects
Body Mass Index
Body Weight/drug effects
Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage
Child, Preschool
Cohort Studies
Disease Progression
Female
Fetal Blood/chemistry
Follow-Up Studies
Gestational Age
Humans
Hypocalcemia/blood
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Lead/blood
Lead Poisoning/blood
Male
Pregnancy
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/blood
Prospective Studies

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10.1542/peds.2014-1658

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@article{d405727ca8a9438fb1c9762b89619160,

title = "Postnatal growth following prenatal lead exposure and calcium intake",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: The effects on postnatal growth of maternal exposure to low levels of lead during pregnancy have not been well established. In addition, information is limited regarding the protective effect of dietary calcium intake during pregnancy against the effect of lead for fetal and postnatal growth. We investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to lead and growth at birth and 6, 12, and 24 months postnatal, and evaluated the role of calcium intake against the effect of lead. METHODS: A total of 1150 pregnant women, and their subsequent offspring, enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study (Mothers and Children's Environmental Health Study), were evaluated. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of prenatal maternal blood lead levels on growth at each follow-up. RESULTS: The blood lead levels of participating mothers were <5.0 μg/dL and mean levels were 1.25 μg/dL during the early (before 20 gestational weeks) and late (at delivery) gestational periods. Prenatal exposure to lead, particularly in late pregnancy, was significantly associated with a reduction in infantile growth at 24 months. When pregnant women had dietary calcium intake at mean or upper level, the association was not significant. In contrast, lower than mean level of calcium intake intensified the adverse effect of prenatal lead exposure on growth in children. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal lead exposure <5.0 μg/dL adversely affects postnatal growth and low calcium intake aggravates the effect, indicating more stringent control of lead and sufficient intake of calcium are necessary to help children's health.",

keywords = "Body Height/drug effects, Body Mass Index, Body Weight/drug effects, Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Disease Progression, Female, Fetal Blood/chemistry, Follow-Up Studies, Gestational Age, Humans, Hypocalcemia/blood, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Lead/blood, Lead Poisoning/blood, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/blood, Prospective Studies",

author = "Yun-Chul Hong and Kulkarni, {Surabhi Shah} and Youn-Hee Lim and Eunjeong Kim and Mina Ha and Hyesook Park and Yangho Kim and Bung-Nyun Kim and Namsoo Chang and Se-Young Oh and Young-Ju Kim and Chooghee Park and Eun-hee Ha",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2014 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.",

year = "2014",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1542/peds.2014-1658",

language = "English",

volume = "134",

pages = "1151--1159",

journal = "Pediatrics",

issn = "0031-4005",

publisher = "American Academy of Pediatrics",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Postnatal growth following prenatal lead exposure and calcium intake

AU - Hong, Yun-Chul

AU - Kulkarni, Surabhi Shah

AU - Lim, Youn-Hee

AU - Kim, Eunjeong

AU - Ha, Mina

AU - Park, Hyesook

AU - Kim, Yangho

AU - Kim, Bung-Nyun

AU - Chang, Namsoo

AU - Oh, Se-Young

AU - Kim, Young-Ju

AU - Park, Chooghee

AU - Ha, Eun-hee

PY - 2014/12/1

Y1 - 2014/12/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: The effects on postnatal growth of maternal exposure to low levels of lead during pregnancy have not been well established. In addition, information is limited regarding the protective effect of dietary calcium intake during pregnancy against the effect of lead for fetal and postnatal growth. We investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to lead and growth at birth and 6, 12, and 24 months postnatal, and evaluated the role of calcium intake against the effect of lead. METHODS: A total of 1150 pregnant women, and their subsequent offspring, enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study (Mothers and Children's Environmental Health Study), were evaluated. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of prenatal maternal blood lead levels on growth at each follow-up. RESULTS: The blood lead levels of participating mothers were <5.0 μg/dL and mean levels were 1.25 μg/dL during the early (before 20 gestational weeks) and late (at delivery) gestational periods. Prenatal exposure to lead, particularly in late pregnancy, was significantly associated with a reduction in infantile growth at 24 months. When pregnant women had dietary calcium intake at mean or upper level, the association was not significant. In contrast, lower than mean level of calcium intake intensified the adverse effect of prenatal lead exposure on growth in children. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal lead exposure <5.0 μg/dL adversely affects postnatal growth and low calcium intake aggravates the effect, indicating more stringent control of lead and sufficient intake of calcium are necessary to help children's health.

AB - BACKGROUND: The effects on postnatal growth of maternal exposure to low levels of lead during pregnancy have not been well established. In addition, information is limited regarding the protective effect of dietary calcium intake during pregnancy against the effect of lead for fetal and postnatal growth. We investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to lead and growth at birth and 6, 12, and 24 months postnatal, and evaluated the role of calcium intake against the effect of lead. METHODS: A total of 1150 pregnant women, and their subsequent offspring, enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study (Mothers and Children's Environmental Health Study), were evaluated. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of prenatal maternal blood lead levels on growth at each follow-up. RESULTS: The blood lead levels of participating mothers were <5.0 μg/dL and mean levels were 1.25 μg/dL during the early (before 20 gestational weeks) and late (at delivery) gestational periods. Prenatal exposure to lead, particularly in late pregnancy, was significantly associated with a reduction in infantile growth at 24 months. When pregnant women had dietary calcium intake at mean or upper level, the association was not significant. In contrast, lower than mean level of calcium intake intensified the adverse effect of prenatal lead exposure on growth in children. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal lead exposure <5.0 μg/dL adversely affects postnatal growth and low calcium intake aggravates the effect, indicating more stringent control of lead and sufficient intake of calcium are necessary to help children's health.

KW - Body Height/drug effects

KW - Body Mass Index

KW - Body Weight/drug effects

KW - Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage

KW - Child, Preschool

KW - Cohort Studies

KW - Disease Progression

KW - Female

KW - Fetal Blood/chemistry

KW - Follow-Up Studies

KW - Gestational Age

KW - Humans

KW - Hypocalcemia/blood

KW - Infant

KW - Infant, Newborn

KW - Lead/blood

KW - Lead Poisoning/blood

KW - Male

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/blood

KW - Prospective Studies

U2 - 10.1542/peds.2014-1658

DO - 10.1542/peds.2014-1658

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25422017

SN - 0031-4005

VL - 134

SP - 1151

EP - 1159

JO - Pediatrics

JF - Pediatrics

IS - 6

ER -

Postnatal growth following prenatal lead exposure and calcium intake

Abstract

Keywords

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