Miscellaneous standard methods for Apis mellifera research

Hannelie Human; Robert Brodschneider; Vincent Dietemann; Galen Dively; James D. Ellis; Eva Forsgren; Ingemar Fries; Fani Hatjina; Fu-Liang Hu; Rodolfo Jaffe; Annette Bruun Jensen; Angela Koehler; Josef P. Magyar; Asli Ozkyrym; Christian W. W. Pirk; Robyn Rose; Ursula Strauss; Gina Tanner; David R. Tarpy; Jozef J. M. van der Steen; Anthony Vaudo; Fleming Vejsnaes; Jerzy Wilde; Geoffrey R. Williams; Huo-Qing Zheng

doi:10.3896/ibra.1.52.4.10

Miscellaneous standard methods for Apis mellifera research

Hannelie Human, Robert Brodschneider, Vincent Dietemann, Galen Dively, James D. Ellis, Eva Forsgren, Ingemar Fries, Fani Hatjina, Fu-Liang Hu, Rodolfo Jaffe, Annette Bruun Jensen, Angela Koehler, Josef P. Magyar, Asli Ozkyrym, Christian W. W. Pirk, Robyn Rose, Ursula Strauss, Gina Tanner, David R. Tarpy, Jozef J. M. van der SteenAnthony Vaudo, Fleming Vejsnaes, Jerzy Wilde, Geoffrey R. Williams, Huo-Qing Zheng

Section for Organismal Biology

132 Citations (Scopus)

4076 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

A variety of methods are used in honey bee research and differ depending on the level at which the research is conducted. On an individual level, the handling of individual honey bees, including the queen, larvae and pupae are required. There are different methods for the immobilising, killing and storing as well as determining individual weight of bees. The precise timing of developmental stages is also an important aspect of sampling individuals for experiments. In order to investigate and manipulate functional processes in honey bees, e. g. memory formation and retrieval and gene expression, microinjection is often used. A method that is used by both researchers and beekeepers is the marking of queens that serves not only to help to locate her during her life, but also enables the dating of queens. Creating multiple queen colonies allows the beekeeper to maintain spare queens, increase brood production or ask questions related to reproduction. On colony level, very useful techniques are the measurement of intra hive mortality using dead bee traps, weighing of full hives, collecting pollen and nectar, and digital monitoring of brood development via location recognition. At the population level, estimation of population density is essential to evaluate the health status and using beelines help to locate wild colonies. These methods, described in this paper, are especially valuable when investigating the effects of pesticide applications, environmental pollution and diseases on colony survival.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Apicultural Research & Bee World
Volume	52
Issue number	4
Number of pages	56
ISSN	0021-8839
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3896/ibra.1.52.4.10
Publication status	Published - 2013

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Human, H., Brodschneider, R., Dietemann, V., Dively, G., Ellis, J. D., Forsgren, E., Fries, I., Hatjina, F., Hu, F-L., Jaffe, R., Jensen, A. B., Koehler, A., Magyar, J. P., Ozkyrym, A., Pirk, C. W. W., Rose, R., Strauss, U., Tanner, G., Tarpy, D. R., ... Zheng, H-Q. (2013). Miscellaneous standard methods for Apis mellifera research. Journal of Apicultural Research & Bee World, 52(4). https://doi.org/10.3896/ibra.1.52.4.10

Human, H, Brodschneider, R, Dietemann, V, Dively, G, Ellis, JD, Forsgren, E, Fries, I, Hatjina, F, Hu, F-L, Jaffe, R, Jensen, AB, Koehler, A, Magyar, JP, Ozkyrym, A, Pirk, CWW, Rose, R, Strauss, U, Tanner, G, Tarpy, DR, van der Steen, JJM, Vaudo, A, Vejsnaes, F, Wilde, J, Williams, GR & Zheng, H-Q 2013, 'Miscellaneous standard methods for Apis mellifera research', Journal of Apicultural Research & Bee World, vol. 52, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.3896/ibra.1.52.4.10

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AU - Human, Hannelie

AU - Brodschneider, Robert

AU - Dietemann, Vincent

AU - Dively, Galen

AU - Ellis, James D.

AU - Forsgren, Eva

AU - Fries, Ingemar

AU - Hatjina, Fani

AU - Hu, Fu-Liang

AU - Jaffe, Rodolfo

AU - Jensen, Annette Bruun

AU - Koehler, Angela

AU - Magyar, Josef P.

AU - Ozkyrym, Asli

AU - Pirk, Christian W. W.

AU - Rose, Robyn

AU - Strauss, Ursula

AU - Tanner, Gina

AU - Tarpy, David R.

AU - van der Steen, Jozef J. M.

AU - Vaudo, Anthony

AU - Vejsnaes, Fleming

AU - Wilde, Jerzy

AU - Williams, Geoffrey R.

AU - Zheng, Huo-Qing

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N2 - A variety of methods are used in honey bee research and differ depending on the level at which the research is conducted. On an individual level, the handling of individual honey bees, including the queen, larvae and pupae are required. There are different methods for the immobilising, killing and storing as well as determining individual weight of bees. The precise timing of developmental stages is also an important aspect of sampling individuals for experiments. In order to investigate and manipulate functional processes in honey bees, e. g. memory formation and retrieval and gene expression, microinjection is often used. A method that is used by both researchers and beekeepers is the marking of queens that serves not only to help to locate her during her life, but also enables the dating of queens. Creating multiple queen colonies allows the beekeeper to maintain spare queens, increase brood production or ask questions related to reproduction. On colony level, very useful techniques are the measurement of intra hive mortality using dead bee traps, weighing of full hives, collecting pollen and nectar, and digital monitoring of brood development via location recognition. At the population level, estimation of population density is essential to evaluate the health status and using beelines help to locate wild colonies. These methods, described in this paper, are especially valuable when investigating the effects of pesticide applications, environmental pollution and diseases on colony survival.

AB - A variety of methods are used in honey bee research and differ depending on the level at which the research is conducted. On an individual level, the handling of individual honey bees, including the queen, larvae and pupae are required. There are different methods for the immobilising, killing and storing as well as determining individual weight of bees. The precise timing of developmental stages is also an important aspect of sampling individuals for experiments. In order to investigate and manipulate functional processes in honey bees, e. g. memory formation and retrieval and gene expression, microinjection is often used. A method that is used by both researchers and beekeepers is the marking of queens that serves not only to help to locate her during her life, but also enables the dating of queens. Creating multiple queen colonies allows the beekeeper to maintain spare queens, increase brood production or ask questions related to reproduction. On colony level, very useful techniques are the measurement of intra hive mortality using dead bee traps, weighing of full hives, collecting pollen and nectar, and digital monitoring of brood development via location recognition. At the population level, estimation of population density is essential to evaluate the health status and using beelines help to locate wild colonies. These methods, described in this paper, are especially valuable when investigating the effects of pesticide applications, environmental pollution and diseases on colony survival.

KW - COLOSS BEEBOOK

KW - immobilising bees

KW - killing bees

KW - storing bees

KW - bee weight

KW - microinjection

KW - marking and clipping queens

KW - haemocytometer

KW - colony density

KW - hive weight

KW - dead bee traps

KW - collecting pollen and nectar

KW - digital recognition

U2 - 10.3896/ibra.1.52.4.10

DO - 10.3896/ibra.1.52.4.10

M3 - Review

SN - 1751-2891

VL - 52

JO - Journal of Apicultural Research & Bee World

JF - Journal of Apicultural Research & Bee World

IS - 4

ER -