TY - JOUR
T1 - Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase co-regulate axonal outgrowth of mouse retinal ganglion cells
AU - Gaublomme, Djoere
AU - Buyens, Tom
AU - De Groef, Lies
AU - Stakenborg, Michelle
AU - Janssens, Els
AU - Ingvarsen, Signe
AU - Porse, Astrid
AU - Behrendt, Niels
AU - Moons, Lieve
N1 - © 2014 International Society for Neurochemistry.
PY - 2014/6
Y1 - 2014/6
N2 - Restoration of correct neural activity following central nervous system (CNS) damage requires the replacement of degenerated axons with newly outgrowing, functional axons. Unfortunately, spontaneous regeneration is largely lacking in the adult mammalian CNS. In order to establish successful regenerative therapies, an improved understanding of axonal outgrowth and the various molecules influencing it, is highly needed. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of zinc-dependent proteases that were sporadically reported to influence axon outgrowth. Using an ex vivo retinal explant model, we were able to show that broad-spectrum MMP inhibition reduces axon outgrowth of mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), implicating MMPs as beneficial factors in axonal regeneration. Additional studies, using more specific MMP inhibitors and MMP-deficient mice, disclosed that both MMP-2 and MT1-MMP, but not MMP-9, are involved in this process. Furthermore, administration of a novel antibody to MT1-MMP that selectively blocks pro-MMP-2 activation revealed a functional co-involvement of these proteinases in determining RGC axon outgrowth. Subsequent immunostainings showed expression of both MMP-2 and MT1-MMP in RGC axons and glial cells. Finally, results from combined inhibition of MMP-2 and β1-integrin were suggestive for a functional interaction between these molecules. Overall, our data indicate MMP-2 and MT1-MMP as promising axonal outgrowth-promoting molecules. Axonal regeneration in the central nervous system is lacking in adult mammals, thereby impeding recovery from injury to the nervous system. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of zinc-dependent proteases that were sporadically reported to influence axon outgrowth. Inhibition of specific MMPs reduced neurite outgrowth from mouse retinal explants. Our data indicate MMP-2 and MT1-MMP as promising axonal outgrowth-promoting molecules and show a possible link between MMP-2 and β1-integrin in axon outgrowth. Axonal regeneration in the central nervous system is lacking in adult mammals, thereby impeding recovery from injury to the nervous system. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of zinc-dependent proteases that were sporadically reported to influence axon outgrowth. Inhibition of specific MMPs reduced neurite outgrowth from mouse retinal explants. Our data indicate MMP-2 and MT1-MMP as promising axonal outgrowth-promoting molecules and show a possible link between MMP-2 and β1-integrin in axon outgrowth.
AB - Restoration of correct neural activity following central nervous system (CNS) damage requires the replacement of degenerated axons with newly outgrowing, functional axons. Unfortunately, spontaneous regeneration is largely lacking in the adult mammalian CNS. In order to establish successful regenerative therapies, an improved understanding of axonal outgrowth and the various molecules influencing it, is highly needed. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of zinc-dependent proteases that were sporadically reported to influence axon outgrowth. Using an ex vivo retinal explant model, we were able to show that broad-spectrum MMP inhibition reduces axon outgrowth of mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), implicating MMPs as beneficial factors in axonal regeneration. Additional studies, using more specific MMP inhibitors and MMP-deficient mice, disclosed that both MMP-2 and MT1-MMP, but not MMP-9, are involved in this process. Furthermore, administration of a novel antibody to MT1-MMP that selectively blocks pro-MMP-2 activation revealed a functional co-involvement of these proteinases in determining RGC axon outgrowth. Subsequent immunostainings showed expression of both MMP-2 and MT1-MMP in RGC axons and glial cells. Finally, results from combined inhibition of MMP-2 and β1-integrin were suggestive for a functional interaction between these molecules. Overall, our data indicate MMP-2 and MT1-MMP as promising axonal outgrowth-promoting molecules. Axonal regeneration in the central nervous system is lacking in adult mammals, thereby impeding recovery from injury to the nervous system. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of zinc-dependent proteases that were sporadically reported to influence axon outgrowth. Inhibition of specific MMPs reduced neurite outgrowth from mouse retinal explants. Our data indicate MMP-2 and MT1-MMP as promising axonal outgrowth-promoting molecules and show a possible link between MMP-2 and β1-integrin in axon outgrowth. Axonal regeneration in the central nervous system is lacking in adult mammals, thereby impeding recovery from injury to the nervous system. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of zinc-dependent proteases that were sporadically reported to influence axon outgrowth. Inhibition of specific MMPs reduced neurite outgrowth from mouse retinal explants. Our data indicate MMP-2 and MT1-MMP as promising axonal outgrowth-promoting molecules and show a possible link between MMP-2 and β1-integrin in axon outgrowth.
KW - Animals
KW - Antibodies, Blocking
KW - Antigens, CD29
KW - Axons
KW - Gelatinases
KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
KW - Immunohistochemistry
KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
KW - Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
KW - Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated
KW - Mice
KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL
KW - Mice, Knockout
KW - Organ Culture Techniques
KW - Retinal Ganglion Cells
KW - Signal Transduction
U2 - 10.1111/jnc.12703
DO - 10.1111/jnc.12703
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 24611815
SN - 0022-3042
VL - 129
SP - 966
EP - 979
JO - Journal of Neurochemistry
JF - Journal of Neurochemistry
IS - 6
ER -