Long Non-Coding RNAs Guide the Fine-Tuning of Gene Regulation in B-Cell Development and Malignancy

TY - JOUR

T1 - Long Non-Coding RNAs Guide the Fine-Tuning of Gene Regulation in B-Cell Development and Malignancy

AU - Dahl, Mette

AU - Kristensen, Lasse Sommer

AU - Grønbæk, Kirsten

PY - 2018/9

Y1 - 2018/9

N2 - With the introduction of next generation sequencing methods, such as RNA sequencing, it has become apparent that alterations in the non-coding regions of our genome are important in the development of cancer. Particularly interesting is the class of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including the recently described subclass of circular RNAs (circRNAs), which display tissue- and cell-type specific expression patterns and exert diverse regulatory functions in the cells. B-cells undergo complex and tightly regulated processes in order to develop from antigen naïve cells residing in the bone marrow to the highly diverse and competent effector cells circulating in peripheral blood. These processes include V(D)J recombination, rapid proliferation, somatic hypermutation and clonal selection, posing a risk of malignant transformation at each step. The aim of this review is to provide insight into how lncRNAs including circRNAs, participate in normal B-cell differentiation, and how deregulation of these molecules is involved in the development of B-cell malignancies. We describe the prognostic value and functional significance of specific deregulated lncRNAs in diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and multiple myeloma, and we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of circRNAs in these diseases.

AB - With the introduction of next generation sequencing methods, such as RNA sequencing, it has become apparent that alterations in the non-coding regions of our genome are important in the development of cancer. Particularly interesting is the class of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including the recently described subclass of circular RNAs (circRNAs), which display tissue- and cell-type specific expression patterns and exert diverse regulatory functions in the cells. B-cells undergo complex and tightly regulated processes in order to develop from antigen naïve cells residing in the bone marrow to the highly diverse and competent effector cells circulating in peripheral blood. These processes include V(D)J recombination, rapid proliferation, somatic hypermutation and clonal selection, posing a risk of malignant transformation at each step. The aim of this review is to provide insight into how lncRNAs including circRNAs, participate in normal B-cell differentiation, and how deregulation of these molecules is involved in the development of B-cell malignancies. We describe the prognostic value and functional significance of specific deregulated lncRNAs in diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and multiple myeloma, and we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of circRNAs in these diseases.

KW - B-Lymphocytes/immunology

KW - Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics

KW - Cell Differentiation

KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics

KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

KW - Humans

KW - Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics

KW - Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics

KW - Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics

KW - Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics

KW - Multiple Myeloma/genetics

KW - Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics

KW - RNA/genetics

KW - RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics

KW - Signal Transduction

U2 - 10.3390/ijms19092475

DO - 10.3390/ijms19092475

M3 - Review

C2 - 30134619

SN - 1661-6596

VL - 19

JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online)

JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online)

IS - 9

M1 - 2475

ER -