Liver and Muscle Contribute Differently to the Plasma Acylcarnitine Pool During Fasting and Exercise in Humans

G. Xu; J S Hansen; Jian-xin Zhao; S. Chen; Miriam Hoene; Xue-Lin Wang; Jens Otto Clemmesen; Niels H. Secher; H U Häring; B.K. Pedersen; R Lehmann; Cora Weigert; Peter Plomgaard

doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1859

Liver and Muscle Contribute Differently to the Plasma Acylcarnitine Pool During Fasting and Exercise in Humans

G. Xu, J S Hansen, Jian-xin Zhao, S. Chen, Miriam Hoene, Xue-Lin Wang, Jens Otto Clemmesen, Niels H. Secher, H U Häring, B.K. Pedersen, R Lehmann, Cora Weigert, Peter Plomgaard

Department of Clinical Medicine

30 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Plasma acylcarnitine levels are elevated by physiological conditions such as fasting and exercise but also in states of insulin resistance and obesity.

AIM: To elucidate the contribution of liver and skeletal muscle to plasma acylcarnitines in the fasting state and during exercise in humans.

METHODS: In 2 independent studies, young healthy males were fasted overnight and performed an acute bout of exercise to investigate either acylcarnitines in skeletal muscle biopsies and arterial-to-venous plasma differences over the exercising and resting leg (n = 9) or the flux over the hepato-splanchnic bed (n = 10).

RESULTS: In the fasting state, a pronounced release of C2- and C3-carnitines from the hepato-splanchnic bed and an uptake of free carnitine by the legs were detected. Exercise further increased the release of C3-carnitine from the hepato-splanchnic bed and the uptake of free carnitine in the exercising leg. In plasma and in the exercising muscle, exercise induced an increase of most acylcarnitines followed by a rapid decline to preexercise values during recovery. In contrast, free carnitine was decreased in the exercising muscle and quickly restored thereafter. C8-, C10-, C10:1-, C12-, and C12:1-carnitines were released from the exercising leg and simultaneously; C6, C8, C10, C10:1, C14, and C16:1 were taken up by the hepato-splanchnic.

CONCLUSION: These data provide novel insight to the organo-specific release/uptake of acylcarnitines. The liver is a major contributor to systemic short chain acylcarnitines, whereas the muscle tissue releases mostly medium chain acylcarnitines during exercise, indicating that other tissues are contributing to the systemic increase in long chain acylcarnitines.

Original language	English
Journal	The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Volume	101
Issue number	12
Pages (from-to)	5044-5052
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0021-972X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-1859
Publication status	Published - Dec 2016

Keywords

Journal Article

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Xu, G., Hansen, J. S., Zhao, J., Chen, S., Hoene, M., Wang, X.-L., Clemmesen, J. O., Secher, N. H., Häring, H. U., Pedersen, B. K., Lehmann, R., Weigert, C., & Plomgaard, P. (2016). Liver and Muscle Contribute Differently to the Plasma Acylcarnitine Pool During Fasting and Exercise in Humans. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 101(12), 5044-5052. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-1859

Xu, G, Hansen, JS, Zhao, J, Chen, S, Hoene, M, Wang, X-L, Clemmesen, JO, Secher, NH, Häring, HU, Pedersen, BK, Lehmann, R, Weigert, C & Plomgaard, P 2016, 'Liver and Muscle Contribute Differently to the Plasma Acylcarnitine Pool During Fasting and Exercise in Humans', The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, vol. 101, no. 12, pp. 5044-5052. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-1859

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title = "Liver and Muscle Contribute Differently to the Plasma Acylcarnitine Pool During Fasting and Exercise in Humans",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Plasma acylcarnitine levels are elevated by physiological conditions such as fasting and exercise but also in states of insulin resistance and obesity.AIM: To elucidate the contribution of liver and skeletal muscle to plasma acylcarnitines in the fasting state and during exercise in humans.METHODS: In 2 independent studies, young healthy males were fasted overnight and performed an acute bout of exercise to investigate either acylcarnitines in skeletal muscle biopsies and arterial-to-venous plasma differences over the exercising and resting leg (n = 9) or the flux over the hepato-splanchnic bed (n = 10).RESULTS: In the fasting state, a pronounced release of C2- and C3-carnitines from the hepato-splanchnic bed and an uptake of free carnitine by the legs were detected. Exercise further increased the release of C3-carnitine from the hepato-splanchnic bed and the uptake of free carnitine in the exercising leg. In plasma and in the exercising muscle, exercise induced an increase of most acylcarnitines followed by a rapid decline to preexercise values during recovery. In contrast, free carnitine was decreased in the exercising muscle and quickly restored thereafter. C8-, C10-, C10:1-, C12-, and C12:1-carnitines were released from the exercising leg and simultaneously; C6, C8, C10, C10:1, C14, and C16:1 were taken up by the hepato-splanchnic.CONCLUSION: These data provide novel insight to the organo-specific release/uptake of acylcarnitines. The liver is a major contributor to systemic short chain acylcarnitines, whereas the muscle tissue releases mostly medium chain acylcarnitines during exercise, indicating that other tissues are contributing to the systemic increase in long chain acylcarnitines.",

keywords = "Journal Article",

author = "G. Xu and Hansen, {J S} and Jian-xin Zhao and S. Chen and Miriam Hoene and Xue-Lin Wang and Clemmesen, {Jens Otto} and Secher, {Niels H.} and H{\"a}ring, {H U} and B.K. Pedersen and R Lehmann and Cora Weigert and Peter Plomgaard",

year = "2016",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1210/jc.2016-1859",

language = "English",

volume = "101",

pages = "5044--5052",

journal = "The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism",

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T1 - Liver and Muscle Contribute Differently to the Plasma Acylcarnitine Pool During Fasting and Exercise in Humans

AU - Xu, G.

AU - Hansen, J S

AU - Zhao, Jian-xin

AU - Chen, S.

AU - Hoene, Miriam

AU - Wang, Xue-Lin

AU - Clemmesen, Jens Otto

AU - Secher, Niels H.

AU - Häring, H U

AU - Pedersen, B.K.

AU - Lehmann, R

AU - Weigert, Cora

AU - Plomgaard, Peter

PY - 2016/12

Y1 - 2016/12

N2 - BACKGROUND: Plasma acylcarnitine levels are elevated by physiological conditions such as fasting and exercise but also in states of insulin resistance and obesity.AIM: To elucidate the contribution of liver and skeletal muscle to plasma acylcarnitines in the fasting state and during exercise in humans.METHODS: In 2 independent studies, young healthy males were fasted overnight and performed an acute bout of exercise to investigate either acylcarnitines in skeletal muscle biopsies and arterial-to-venous plasma differences over the exercising and resting leg (n = 9) or the flux over the hepato-splanchnic bed (n = 10).RESULTS: In the fasting state, a pronounced release of C2- and C3-carnitines from the hepato-splanchnic bed and an uptake of free carnitine by the legs were detected. Exercise further increased the release of C3-carnitine from the hepato-splanchnic bed and the uptake of free carnitine in the exercising leg. In plasma and in the exercising muscle, exercise induced an increase of most acylcarnitines followed by a rapid decline to preexercise values during recovery. In contrast, free carnitine was decreased in the exercising muscle and quickly restored thereafter. C8-, C10-, C10:1-, C12-, and C12:1-carnitines were released from the exercising leg and simultaneously; C6, C8, C10, C10:1, C14, and C16:1 were taken up by the hepato-splanchnic.CONCLUSION: These data provide novel insight to the organo-specific release/uptake of acylcarnitines. The liver is a major contributor to systemic short chain acylcarnitines, whereas the muscle tissue releases mostly medium chain acylcarnitines during exercise, indicating that other tissues are contributing to the systemic increase in long chain acylcarnitines.

AB - BACKGROUND: Plasma acylcarnitine levels are elevated by physiological conditions such as fasting and exercise but also in states of insulin resistance and obesity.AIM: To elucidate the contribution of liver and skeletal muscle to plasma acylcarnitines in the fasting state and during exercise in humans.METHODS: In 2 independent studies, young healthy males were fasted overnight and performed an acute bout of exercise to investigate either acylcarnitines in skeletal muscle biopsies and arterial-to-venous plasma differences over the exercising and resting leg (n = 9) or the flux over the hepato-splanchnic bed (n = 10).RESULTS: In the fasting state, a pronounced release of C2- and C3-carnitines from the hepato-splanchnic bed and an uptake of free carnitine by the legs were detected. Exercise further increased the release of C3-carnitine from the hepato-splanchnic bed and the uptake of free carnitine in the exercising leg. In plasma and in the exercising muscle, exercise induced an increase of most acylcarnitines followed by a rapid decline to preexercise values during recovery. In contrast, free carnitine was decreased in the exercising muscle and quickly restored thereafter. C8-, C10-, C10:1-, C12-, and C12:1-carnitines were released from the exercising leg and simultaneously; C6, C8, C10, C10:1, C14, and C16:1 were taken up by the hepato-splanchnic.CONCLUSION: These data provide novel insight to the organo-specific release/uptake of acylcarnitines. The liver is a major contributor to systemic short chain acylcarnitines, whereas the muscle tissue releases mostly medium chain acylcarnitines during exercise, indicating that other tissues are contributing to the systemic increase in long chain acylcarnitines.

KW - Journal Article

U2 - 10.1210/jc.2016-1859

DO - 10.1210/jc.2016-1859

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 27648961

SN - 0021-972X

VL - 101

SP - 5044

EP - 5052

JO - The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

JF - The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

IS - 12

ER -

Liver and Muscle Contribute Differently to the Plasma Acylcarnitine Pool During Fasting and Exercise in Humans

Abstract

Keywords

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