Iodine Fortification and Hyperthyroidism

TY - CHAP

T1 - Iodine Fortification and Hyperthyroidism

AU - Cerqueira, Charlotte

AU - Jørgensen, Torben

AU - Carlé, Allan

AU - Knudsen, Nils

AU - Ovesen, Lars

AU - Pedersen, Inge Bülow

AU - Perrild, Hans

AU - Laurberg, Peter

PY - 2013/1/1

Y1 - 2013/1/1

N2 - The relation between iodine intake and risk of disease is complex and even small changes in iodine intake may have a large impact on the occurrence of thyroid disease. Severe iodine deficiency (ID) is a preventable cause of irreversible brain damage. Correction of severe ID is therefore crucial. Mild-to-moderate ID may be associated with a risk of intellectual impairment, but the most tangible effect is a high occurrence of goitre (enlargement of the thyroid gland) and hyperthyroidism, especially in the elderly. Correction of ID is associated with a risk of a temporary increased incidence of hyperthyroidism because of hormone production in the enlarged and structurally changed thyroid gland, which has been transformed due to a long period of ID. When the transition phase has passed, iodine fortification prevents a significant number of cases with hyperthyroidism and goitre. The iodine intake should not exceed the normal range-and it may be that the intake should only be increased to the lower level of the normal range-because of the risk of hypothyroidism associated with a high iodine intake. Iodine content and iodine nutrition has to be continuously monitored and evaluated to make sure that the iodine intake in the population stays within the optimal range. M onitoring of thyroid disease when implementing iodine fortification programs is of the essence, both of short-term and long-term effects. Effects of introducing iodine fortification cannot be evaluated when the baseline status of thyroid epidemiology is not known.

AB - The relation between iodine intake and risk of disease is complex and even small changes in iodine intake may have a large impact on the occurrence of thyroid disease. Severe iodine deficiency (ID) is a preventable cause of irreversible brain damage. Correction of severe ID is therefore crucial. Mild-to-moderate ID may be associated with a risk of intellectual impairment, but the most tangible effect is a high occurrence of goitre (enlargement of the thyroid gland) and hyperthyroidism, especially in the elderly. Correction of ID is associated with a risk of a temporary increased incidence of hyperthyroidism because of hormone production in the enlarged and structurally changed thyroid gland, which has been transformed due to a long period of ID. When the transition phase has passed, iodine fortification prevents a significant number of cases with hyperthyroidism and goitre. The iodine intake should not exceed the normal range-and it may be that the intake should only be increased to the lower level of the normal range-because of the risk of hypothyroidism associated with a high iodine intake. Iodine content and iodine nutrition has to be continuously monitored and evaluated to make sure that the iodine intake in the population stays within the optimal range. M onitoring of thyroid disease when implementing iodine fortification programs is of the essence, both of short-term and long-term effects. Effects of introducing iodine fortification cannot be evaluated when the baseline status of thyroid epidemiology is not known.

M3 - Book chapter

SN - 9781461470755

VL - 1

SP - 243

EP - 254

BT - Handbook of Food Fortification and Health

A2 - Preedy, Victor R.

A2 - Srirajaskanthan, Rajaventhan

A2 - Patel, Vinood B.

PB - Springer VS

ER -