Intake of whole grains in Scandinavia is associated with healthy lifestyle, socio-economic and dietary factors

Cecilie Kyrø, Guri Skeie, Lars Ove Dragsted, Jane Christensen, Kim Overvad, Göran Hallmans, Ingegerd Johansson, Eiliv Lund, Nadia Slimani, Nina F. Johansen, Jytte Halkjær, Anne Tjønneland, Anja Olsen

    45 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Objective To identify the dietary, lifestyle and socio-economic factors associated with the intake of whole grains (WG) in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Design A cross-sectional study.Setting Subsample of the Scandinavian cohort ?HELGA' consisting of three prospective cohorts: The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study; The Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study; and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study.Subjects A total of 8702 men and women aged 30-65 years. Dietary data are from one 24 h dietary recall and data on socio-economic status and lifestyle factors including anthropometric values are from the baseline collection of data.Results Vegetables, fruits, dairy products, fish and shellfish, coffee, tea and margarine were directly associated with the intake of WG, whereas red meat, white bread, alcohol and cakes and biscuits were inversely associated. Smoking and BMI were consistently inversely associated with the intake of WG. Furthermore, length of education was directly associated with the intake of WG among women.Conclusions The intake of WG was found to be directly associated with healthy diet, lifestyle and socio-economic factors and inversely associated with less healthy factors, suggesting that these factors are important for consideration as potential confounders when studying WG intake and disease associations.

    Original languageEnglish
    JournalPublic Health Nutrition
    Volume14
    Issue number10
    Pages (from-to)1787-1795
    Number of pages9
    ISSN1368-9800
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Oct 2011

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