TY - JOUR
T1 - Intake of whole grains in Scandinavia is associated with healthy lifestyle, socio-economic and dietary factors
AU - Kyrø, Cecilie
AU - Skeie, Guri
AU - Dragsted, Lars Ove
AU - Christensen, Jane
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Hallmans, Göran
AU - Johansson, Ingegerd
AU - Lund, Eiliv
AU - Slimani, Nadia
AU - Johansen, Nina F.
AU - Halkjær, Jytte
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Olsen, Anja
PY - 2011/10
Y1 - 2011/10
N2 - Objective To identify the dietary, lifestyle and socio-economic factors associated with the intake of whole grains (WG) in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Design A cross-sectional study.Setting Subsample of the Scandinavian cohort ?HELGA' consisting of three prospective cohorts: The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study; The Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study; and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study.Subjects A total of 8702 men and women aged 30-65 years. Dietary data are from one 24 h dietary recall and data on socio-economic status and lifestyle factors including anthropometric values are from the baseline collection of data.Results Vegetables, fruits, dairy products, fish and shellfish, coffee, tea and margarine were directly associated with the intake of WG, whereas red meat, white bread, alcohol and cakes and biscuits were inversely associated. Smoking and BMI were consistently inversely associated with the intake of WG. Furthermore, length of education was directly associated with the intake of WG among women.Conclusions The intake of WG was found to be directly associated with healthy diet, lifestyle and socio-economic factors and inversely associated with less healthy factors, suggesting that these factors are important for consideration as potential confounders when studying WG intake and disease associations.
AB - Objective To identify the dietary, lifestyle and socio-economic factors associated with the intake of whole grains (WG) in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Design A cross-sectional study.Setting Subsample of the Scandinavian cohort ?HELGA' consisting of three prospective cohorts: The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study; The Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study; and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study.Subjects A total of 8702 men and women aged 30-65 years. Dietary data are from one 24 h dietary recall and data on socio-economic status and lifestyle factors including anthropometric values are from the baseline collection of data.Results Vegetables, fruits, dairy products, fish and shellfish, coffee, tea and margarine were directly associated with the intake of WG, whereas red meat, white bread, alcohol and cakes and biscuits were inversely associated. Smoking and BMI were consistently inversely associated with the intake of WG. Furthermore, length of education was directly associated with the intake of WG among women.Conclusions The intake of WG was found to be directly associated with healthy diet, lifestyle and socio-economic factors and inversely associated with less healthy factors, suggesting that these factors are important for consideration as potential confounders when studying WG intake and disease associations.
U2 - 10.1017/S1368980011000206
DO - 10.1017/S1368980011000206
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 21338557
SN - 1368-9800
VL - 14
SP - 1787
EP - 1795
JO - Public Health Nutrition
JF - Public Health Nutrition
IS - 10
ER -