Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers

Gitte Ravn-Haren; Lars Ove Dragsted; Tine Buch-Andersen; Eva N. Jensen; Runa Irene Jensen; Mária Németh-Balogh; Brigita Paulovicsová; Anders Bergström; Andrea Wilcks; Tine Rask Licht; Jarosław Markowski; Susanne Gjedsted Bügel

doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0489-z

Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers

Gitte Ravn-Haren, Lars Ove Dragsted, Tine Buch-Andersen, Eva N. Jensen, Runa Irene Jensen, Mária Németh-Balogh, Brigita Paulovicsová, Anders Bergström, Andrea Wilcks, Tine Rask Licht, Jarosław Markowski, Susanne Gjedsted Bügel

Nutrition and Health

83 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

PURPOSE: Fruit consumption is associated with a decreased risk of CVD in cohort studies and is therefore endorsed by health authorities as part of the '5 or more a day' campaigns. A glass of fruit juice is generally counted as one serving. Fruit may cause protection by affecting common risk factors of CVD. METHODS: Apples are among the most commonly consumed fruits and were chosen for a comprehensive 5 × 4 weeks dietary crossover study to assess the effects of whole apples (550 g/day), apple pomace (22 g/day), clear and cloudy apple juices (500 ml/day), or no supplement on lipoproteins and blood pressure in a group of 23 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The intervention significantly affected serum total and LDL-cholesterol. Trends towards a lower serum LDL-concentration were observed after whole apple (6.7 %), pomace (7.9 %) and cloudy juice (2.2 %) intake. On the other hand, LDL-cholesterol concentrations increased by 6.9 % with clear juice compared to whole apples and pomace. There was no effect on HDL-cholesterol, TAG, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, inflammation (hs-CRP), composition of the gut microbiota or markers of glucose metabolism (insulin, IGF1 and IGFBP3). CONCLUSIONS: Apples are rich in polyphenols and pectin, two potentially bioactive constituents; however, these constituents segregate differently during processing into juice products and clear juice is free of pectin and other cell wall components. We conclude that the fibre component is necessary for the cholesterol-lowering effect of apples in healthy humans and that clear apple juice may not be a suitable surrogate for the whole fruit in nutritional recommendations.

Original language	English
Journal	European Journal of Nutrition
Volume	52
Issue number	8
Pages (from-to)	1875-1889
Number of pages	15
ISSN	1436-6207
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0489-z
Publication status	Published - Dec 2013

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Ravn-Haren, G., Dragsted, L. O., Buch-Andersen, T., Jensen, E. N., Jensen, R. I., Németh-Balogh, M., Paulovicsová, B., Bergström, A., Wilcks, A., Licht, T. R., Markowski, J., & Bügel, S. G. (2013). Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers. European Journal of Nutrition, 52(8), 1875-1889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0489-z

Ravn-Haren, G, Dragsted, LO, Buch-Andersen, T, Jensen, EN, Jensen, RI, Németh-Balogh, M, Paulovicsová, B, Bergström, A, Wilcks, A, Licht, TR, Markowski, J & Bügel, SG 2013, 'Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers', European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1875-1889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0489-z

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title = "Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers",

abstract = "PURPOSE: Fruit consumption is associated with a decreased risk of CVD in cohort studies and is therefore endorsed by health authorities as part of the '5 or more a day' campaigns. A glass of fruit juice is generally counted as one serving. Fruit may cause protection by affecting common risk factors of CVD. METHODS: Apples are among the most commonly consumed fruits and were chosen for a comprehensive 5 × 4 weeks dietary crossover study to assess the effects of whole apples (550 g/day), apple pomace (22 g/day), clear and cloudy apple juices (500 ml/day), or no supplement on lipoproteins and blood pressure in a group of 23 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The intervention significantly affected serum total and LDL-cholesterol. Trends towards a lower serum LDL-concentration were observed after whole apple (6.7 %), pomace (7.9 %) and cloudy juice (2.2 %) intake. On the other hand, LDL-cholesterol concentrations increased by 6.9 % with clear juice compared to whole apples and pomace. There was no effect on HDL-cholesterol, TAG, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, inflammation (hs-CRP), composition of the gut microbiota or markers of glucose metabolism (insulin, IGF1 and IGFBP3). CONCLUSIONS: Apples are rich in polyphenols and pectin, two potentially bioactive constituents; however, these constituents segregate differently during processing into juice products and clear juice is free of pectin and other cell wall components. We conclude that the fibre component is necessary for the cholesterol-lowering effect of apples in healthy humans and that clear apple juice may not be a suitable surrogate for the whole fruit in nutritional recommendations.",

author = "Gitte Ravn-Haren and Dragsted, {Lars Ove} and Tine Buch-Andersen and Jensen, {Eva N.} and Jensen, {Runa Irene} and M{\'a}ria N{\'e}meth-Balogh and Brigita Paulovicsov{\'a} and Anders Bergstr{\"o}m and Andrea Wilcks and Licht, {Tine Rask} and Jaros{\l}aw Markowski and B{\"u}gel, {Susanne Gjedsted}",

note = "CURIS 2013 NEXS 182",

year = "2013",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1007/s00394-012-0489-z",

language = "English",

volume = "52",

pages = "1875--1889",

journal = "European Journal of Nutrition",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers

AU - Ravn-Haren, Gitte

AU - Dragsted, Lars Ove

AU - Buch-Andersen, Tine

AU - Jensen, Eva N.

AU - Jensen, Runa Irene

AU - Németh-Balogh, Mária

AU - Paulovicsová, Brigita

AU - Bergström, Anders

AU - Wilcks, Andrea

AU - Licht, Tine Rask

AU - Markowski, Jarosław

AU - Bügel, Susanne Gjedsted

N1 - CURIS 2013 NEXS 182

PY - 2013/12

Y1 - 2013/12

N2 - PURPOSE: Fruit consumption is associated with a decreased risk of CVD in cohort studies and is therefore endorsed by health authorities as part of the '5 or more a day' campaigns. A glass of fruit juice is generally counted as one serving. Fruit may cause protection by affecting common risk factors of CVD. METHODS: Apples are among the most commonly consumed fruits and were chosen for a comprehensive 5 × 4 weeks dietary crossover study to assess the effects of whole apples (550 g/day), apple pomace (22 g/day), clear and cloudy apple juices (500 ml/day), or no supplement on lipoproteins and blood pressure in a group of 23 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The intervention significantly affected serum total and LDL-cholesterol. Trends towards a lower serum LDL-concentration were observed after whole apple (6.7 %), pomace (7.9 %) and cloudy juice (2.2 %) intake. On the other hand, LDL-cholesterol concentrations increased by 6.9 % with clear juice compared to whole apples and pomace. There was no effect on HDL-cholesterol, TAG, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, inflammation (hs-CRP), composition of the gut microbiota or markers of glucose metabolism (insulin, IGF1 and IGFBP3). CONCLUSIONS: Apples are rich in polyphenols and pectin, two potentially bioactive constituents; however, these constituents segregate differently during processing into juice products and clear juice is free of pectin and other cell wall components. We conclude that the fibre component is necessary for the cholesterol-lowering effect of apples in healthy humans and that clear apple juice may not be a suitable surrogate for the whole fruit in nutritional recommendations.

AB - PURPOSE: Fruit consumption is associated with a decreased risk of CVD in cohort studies and is therefore endorsed by health authorities as part of the '5 or more a day' campaigns. A glass of fruit juice is generally counted as one serving. Fruit may cause protection by affecting common risk factors of CVD. METHODS: Apples are among the most commonly consumed fruits and were chosen for a comprehensive 5 × 4 weeks dietary crossover study to assess the effects of whole apples (550 g/day), apple pomace (22 g/day), clear and cloudy apple juices (500 ml/day), or no supplement on lipoproteins and blood pressure in a group of 23 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The intervention significantly affected serum total and LDL-cholesterol. Trends towards a lower serum LDL-concentration were observed after whole apple (6.7 %), pomace (7.9 %) and cloudy juice (2.2 %) intake. On the other hand, LDL-cholesterol concentrations increased by 6.9 % with clear juice compared to whole apples and pomace. There was no effect on HDL-cholesterol, TAG, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, inflammation (hs-CRP), composition of the gut microbiota or markers of glucose metabolism (insulin, IGF1 and IGFBP3). CONCLUSIONS: Apples are rich in polyphenols and pectin, two potentially bioactive constituents; however, these constituents segregate differently during processing into juice products and clear juice is free of pectin and other cell wall components. We conclude that the fibre component is necessary for the cholesterol-lowering effect of apples in healthy humans and that clear apple juice may not be a suitable surrogate for the whole fruit in nutritional recommendations.

U2 - 10.1007/s00394-012-0489-z

DO - 10.1007/s00394-012-0489-z

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 23271615

SN - 1436-6207

VL - 52

SP - 1875

EP - 1889

JO - European Journal of Nutrition

JF - European Journal of Nutrition

IS - 8

ER -

Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers

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