GPR119 - a major Enteroendocrine Sensor of Dietary Triglyceride Metabolites Co-acting in Synergy with FFA1 (GPR40)

Jeppe H Ekberg; Maria Hauge Pedersen; Line V Kristensen; Andreas N Madsen; Maja S Engelstoft; Anna-Sofie Husted; Rasmus Sichlau; Kristoffer L Egerod; Pascal Timshel; Timothy J Kowalski; Fiona M Gribble; Frank Reiman; Harald S Hansen; Andrew D Howard; Birgitte Holst; Thue W Schwartz

doi:10.1210/en.2016-1334

GPR119 - a major Enteroendocrine Sensor of Dietary Triglyceride Metabolites Co-acting in Synergy with FFA1 (GPR40)

Jeppe H Ekberg, Maria Hauge Pedersen, Line V Kristensen, Andreas N Madsen, Maja S Engelstoft, Anna-Sofie Husted, Rasmus Sichlau, Kristoffer L Egerod, Pascal Timshel, Timothy J Kowalski, Fiona M Gribble, Frank Reiman, Harald S Hansen, Andrew D Howard, Birgitte Holst, Thue W Schwartz

47 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Triglycerides (TGs) are among the most efficacious stimulators of incretin secretion; however, the relative importance of FFA1 (G Protein-coupled Receptor [GPR] 40), FFA4 (GPR120), and GPR119, which all recognize TG metabolites, ie, long-chain fatty acid and 2-monoacylglycerol, respectively, is still unclear. Here, we find all 3 receptors to be highly expressed and highly enriched in fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified GLP-1 and GIP cells isolated from transgenic reporter mice. In vivo, the TG-induced increase in plasma GIP was significantly reduced in FFA1-deficient mice (to 34%, mean of 4 experiments each with 8-10 animals), in GPR119-deficient mice (to 24%) and in FFA1/FFA4 double deficient mice (to 15%) but not in FFA4-deficient mice. The TG-induced increase in plasma GLP-1 was only significantly reduced in the GPR119-deficient and the FFA1/ FFA4 double deficient mice, but not in the FFA1, and FFA4-deficient mice. In mouse colonic crypt cultures the synthetic FFA1 agonists, TAK-875 stimulated GLP-1 secretion to a similar extent as the prototype GLP-1 secretagogue neuromedin C; this, however, only corresponded to approximately half the maximal efficiency of the GPR119 agonist AR231453, whereas the GPR120 agonist Metabolex-209 had no effect. Importantly, when the FFA1 agonist was administered on top of appropriately low doses of the GPR119 agonist, a clear synergistic, ie, more than additive, effect was observed. It is concluded that the 2-monoacylglycerol receptor GPR119 is at least as important as the long-chain fatty acid receptor FFA1 in mediating the TG-induced secretion of incretins and that the 2 receptors act in synergy, whereas FFA4 plays a minor if any role.

Original language	English
Article number	en20161334
Journal	Endocrinology
Volume	157
Issue number	12
Pages (from-to)	4561-4569
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0013-7227
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1334
Publication status	Published - Dec 2016

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Ekberg, J. H., Pedersen, M. H., Kristensen, L. V., Madsen, A. N., Engelstoft, M. S., Husted, A-S., Sichlau, R., Egerod, K. L., Timshel, P., Kowalski, T. J., Gribble, F. M., Reiman, F., Hansen, H. S., Howard, A. D., Holst, B., & Schwartz, T. W. (2016). GPR119 - a major Enteroendocrine Sensor of Dietary Triglyceride Metabolites Co-acting in Synergy with FFA1 (GPR40). Endocrinology, 157(12), 4561-4569. [en20161334]. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1334

Ekberg, JH, Pedersen, MH, Kristensen, LV, Madsen, AN, Engelstoft, MS, Husted, A-S, Sichlau, R, Egerod, KL, Timshel, P, Kowalski, TJ, Gribble, FM, Reiman, F, Hansen, HS, Howard, AD, Holst, B & Schwartz, TW 2016, 'GPR119 - a major Enteroendocrine Sensor of Dietary Triglyceride Metabolites Co-acting in Synergy with FFA1 (GPR40)', Endocrinology, vol. 157, no. 12, en20161334, pp. 4561-4569. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1334

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title = "GPR119 - a major Enteroendocrine Sensor of Dietary Triglyceride Metabolites Co-acting in Synergy with FFA1 (GPR40)",

abstract = "Triglycerides (TGs) are among the most efficacious stimulators of incretin secretion; however, the relative importance of FFA1 (G Protein-coupled Receptor [GPR] 40), FFA4 (GPR120), and GPR119, which all recognize TG metabolites, ie, long-chain fatty acid and 2-monoacylglycerol, respectively, is still unclear. Here, we find all 3 receptors to be highly expressed and highly enriched in fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified GLP-1 and GIP cells isolated from transgenic reporter mice. In vivo, the TG-induced increase in plasma GIP was significantly reduced in FFA1-deficient mice (to 34%, mean of 4 experiments each with 8-10 animals), in GPR119-deficient mice (to 24%) and in FFA1/FFA4 double deficient mice (to 15%) but not in FFA4-deficient mice. The TG-induced increase in plasma GLP-1 was only significantly reduced in the GPR119-deficient and the FFA1/ FFA4 double deficient mice, but not in the FFA1, and FFA4-deficient mice. In mouse colonic crypt cultures the synthetic FFA1 agonists, TAK-875 stimulated GLP-1 secretion to a similar extent as the prototype GLP-1 secretagogue neuromedin C; this, however, only corresponded to approximately half the maximal efficiency of the GPR119 agonist AR231453, whereas the GPR120 agonist Metabolex-209 had no effect. Importantly, when the FFA1 agonist was administered on top of appropriately low doses of the GPR119 agonist, a clear synergistic, ie, more than additive, effect was observed. It is concluded that the 2-monoacylglycerol receptor GPR119 is at least as important as the long-chain fatty acid receptor FFA1 in mediating the TG-induced secretion of incretins and that the 2 receptors act in synergy, whereas FFA4 plays a minor if any role.",

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T1 - GPR119 - a major Enteroendocrine Sensor of Dietary Triglyceride Metabolites Co-acting in Synergy with FFA1 (GPR40)

AU - Ekberg, Jeppe H

AU - Pedersen, Maria Hauge

AU - Kristensen, Line V

AU - Madsen, Andreas N

AU - Engelstoft, Maja S

AU - Husted, Anna-Sofie

AU - Sichlau, Rasmus

AU - Egerod, Kristoffer L

AU - Timshel, Pascal

AU - Kowalski, Timothy J

AU - Gribble, Fiona M

AU - Reiman, Frank

AU - Hansen, Harald S

AU - Howard, Andrew D

AU - Holst, Birgitte

AU - Schwartz, Thue W

PY - 2016/12

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N2 - Triglycerides (TGs) are among the most efficacious stimulators of incretin secretion; however, the relative importance of FFA1 (G Protein-coupled Receptor [GPR] 40), FFA4 (GPR120), and GPR119, which all recognize TG metabolites, ie, long-chain fatty acid and 2-monoacylglycerol, respectively, is still unclear. Here, we find all 3 receptors to be highly expressed and highly enriched in fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified GLP-1 and GIP cells isolated from transgenic reporter mice. In vivo, the TG-induced increase in plasma GIP was significantly reduced in FFA1-deficient mice (to 34%, mean of 4 experiments each with 8-10 animals), in GPR119-deficient mice (to 24%) and in FFA1/FFA4 double deficient mice (to 15%) but not in FFA4-deficient mice. The TG-induced increase in plasma GLP-1 was only significantly reduced in the GPR119-deficient and the FFA1/ FFA4 double deficient mice, but not in the FFA1, and FFA4-deficient mice. In mouse colonic crypt cultures the synthetic FFA1 agonists, TAK-875 stimulated GLP-1 secretion to a similar extent as the prototype GLP-1 secretagogue neuromedin C; this, however, only corresponded to approximately half the maximal efficiency of the GPR119 agonist AR231453, whereas the GPR120 agonist Metabolex-209 had no effect. Importantly, when the FFA1 agonist was administered on top of appropriately low doses of the GPR119 agonist, a clear synergistic, ie, more than additive, effect was observed. It is concluded that the 2-monoacylglycerol receptor GPR119 is at least as important as the long-chain fatty acid receptor FFA1 in mediating the TG-induced secretion of incretins and that the 2 receptors act in synergy, whereas FFA4 plays a minor if any role.

AB - Triglycerides (TGs) are among the most efficacious stimulators of incretin secretion; however, the relative importance of FFA1 (G Protein-coupled Receptor [GPR] 40), FFA4 (GPR120), and GPR119, which all recognize TG metabolites, ie, long-chain fatty acid and 2-monoacylglycerol, respectively, is still unclear. Here, we find all 3 receptors to be highly expressed and highly enriched in fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified GLP-1 and GIP cells isolated from transgenic reporter mice. In vivo, the TG-induced increase in plasma GIP was significantly reduced in FFA1-deficient mice (to 34%, mean of 4 experiments each with 8-10 animals), in GPR119-deficient mice (to 24%) and in FFA1/FFA4 double deficient mice (to 15%) but not in FFA4-deficient mice. The TG-induced increase in plasma GLP-1 was only significantly reduced in the GPR119-deficient and the FFA1/ FFA4 double deficient mice, but not in the FFA1, and FFA4-deficient mice. In mouse colonic crypt cultures the synthetic FFA1 agonists, TAK-875 stimulated GLP-1 secretion to a similar extent as the prototype GLP-1 secretagogue neuromedin C; this, however, only corresponded to approximately half the maximal efficiency of the GPR119 agonist AR231453, whereas the GPR120 agonist Metabolex-209 had no effect. Importantly, when the FFA1 agonist was administered on top of appropriately low doses of the GPR119 agonist, a clear synergistic, ie, more than additive, effect was observed. It is concluded that the 2-monoacylglycerol receptor GPR119 is at least as important as the long-chain fatty acid receptor FFA1 in mediating the TG-induced secretion of incretins and that the 2 receptors act in synergy, whereas FFA4 plays a minor if any role.

U2 - 10.1210/en.2016-1334

DO - 10.1210/en.2016-1334

M3 - Journal article

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VL - 157

SP - 4561

EP - 4569

JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

IS - 12

M1 - en20161334

ER -

GPR119 - a major Enteroendocrine Sensor of Dietary Triglyceride Metabolites Co-acting in Synergy with FFA1 (GPR40)

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