Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity

Jonas Salling Quist; Martin Bæk Blond; Anne Sofie Gram; Carina Bjørnskov Steenholt; Charlotte Janus; Jens J Holst; Jens F Rehfeld; Anders Mikael Sjödin; Bente Stallknecht; Mads Rosenkilde

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00239.2018

Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity

Jonas Salling Quist, Martin Bæk Blond, Anne Sofie Gram, Carina Bjørnskov Steenholt, Charlotte Janus, Jens J Holst, Jens F Rehfeld, Anders Mikael Sjödin, Bente Stallknecht, Mads Rosenkilde

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Acute exercise is associated with a transient suppression of appetite. The effects of regular exercise on appetite are not well understood. We aimed to determine the effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite. One hundred thirty physically inactive women and men (20 - 45 yr) with overweight and obesity were randomized to 6 mo of habitual lifestyle (CON, n 18), active commuting (BIKE, n 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate [MOD, 50% peak oxygen uptake (V O2peak)-reserve, n 39] or vigorous (VIG, 70% V O2peak-reserve, n 38) intensity. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon were assessed in the basal state and in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Ad libitum energy intake was determined during test meals. Data from 90 participants (per protocol) were available, and results are comparisons with CON. At 3 mo, ad libitum energy intake was lower in VIG (22%, P 0.01), basal glucagon was lower in BIKE (P 0.05) and VIG (P 0.01), and postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption were lower in MOD (P 0.02) and VIG (P 0.001). In VIG, ratings of hunger (P 0.01) and prospective food consumption (P 0.03) were lower after acute exercise at 3 mo. At 6 mo, basal and postprandial GLP-1 were higher (P 0.04) whereas postexercise PYY was lower (P 0.03) in VIG and postexercise CCK was lower in BIKE (P 0.03). Vigorous-intensity exercise training leads to a transient suppression of energy intake and subjective appetite (3 mo) but a more long-term increase in basal and postprandial GLP-1 (6 mo) in individuals with overweight and obesity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first randomized controlled trial, to our knowledge, investigating long-term effects of exercise domain and intensity on subjective and hormonal markers of appetite and ad libitum energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite was assessed in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Anorexigenic effects of exercise vary with the duration of intervention and are restricted to regular leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity in individuals with overweight and obesity.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume	126
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	941-951
ISSN	8750-7587
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00239.2018
Publication status	Published - 2019

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@article{2524a7db37224d85aff8d675231c7ff5,

title = "Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity",

abstract = "Acute exercise is associated with a transient suppression of appetite. The effects of regular exercise on appetite are not well understood. We aimed to determine the effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite. One hundred thirty physically inactive women and men (20 - 45 yr) with overweight and obesity were randomized to 6 mo of habitual lifestyle (CON, n 18), active commuting (BIKE, n 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate [MOD, 50% peak oxygen uptake (V O2peak)-reserve, n 39] or vigorous (VIG, 70% V O2peak-reserve, n 38) intensity. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon were assessed in the basal state and in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Ad libitum energy intake was determined during test meals. Data from 90 participants (per protocol) were available, and results are comparisons with CON. At 3 mo, ad libitum energy intake was lower in VIG (22%, P 0.01), basal glucagon was lower in BIKE (P 0.05) and VIG (P 0.01), and postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption were lower in MOD (P 0.02) and VIG (P 0.001). In VIG, ratings of hunger (P 0.01) and prospective food consumption (P 0.03) were lower after acute exercise at 3 mo. At 6 mo, basal and postprandial GLP-1 were higher (P 0.04) whereas postexercise PYY was lower (P 0.03) in VIG and postexercise CCK was lower in BIKE (P 0.03). Vigorous-intensity exercise training leads to a transient suppression of energy intake and subjective appetite (3 mo) but a more long-term increase in basal and postprandial GLP-1 (6 mo) in individuals with overweight and obesity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first randomized controlled trial, to our knowledge, investigating long-term effects of exercise domain and intensity on subjective and hormonal markers of appetite and ad libitum energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite was assessed in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Anorexigenic effects of exercise vary with the duration of intervention and are restricted to regular leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity in individuals with overweight and obesity.",

author = "Quist, {Jonas Salling} and Blond, {Martin B{\ae}k} and Gram, {Anne Sofie} and Steenholt, {Carina Bj{\o}rnskov} and Charlotte Janus and Holst, {Jens J} and Rehfeld, {Jens F} and Sj{\"o}din, {Anders Mikael} and Bente Stallknecht and Mads Rosenkilde",

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doi = "10.1152/japplphysiol.00239.2018",

language = "English",

volume = "126",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity

AU - Quist, Jonas Salling

AU - Blond, Martin Bæk

AU - Gram, Anne Sofie

AU - Steenholt, Carina Bjørnskov

AU - Janus, Charlotte

AU - Holst, Jens J

AU - Rehfeld, Jens F

AU - Sjödin, Anders Mikael

AU - Stallknecht, Bente

AU - Rosenkilde, Mads

N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 143

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Acute exercise is associated with a transient suppression of appetite. The effects of regular exercise on appetite are not well understood. We aimed to determine the effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite. One hundred thirty physically inactive women and men (20 - 45 yr) with overweight and obesity were randomized to 6 mo of habitual lifestyle (CON, n 18), active commuting (BIKE, n 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate [MOD, 50% peak oxygen uptake (V O2peak)-reserve, n 39] or vigorous (VIG, 70% V O2peak-reserve, n 38) intensity. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon were assessed in the basal state and in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Ad libitum energy intake was determined during test meals. Data from 90 participants (per protocol) were available, and results are comparisons with CON. At 3 mo, ad libitum energy intake was lower in VIG (22%, P 0.01), basal glucagon was lower in BIKE (P 0.05) and VIG (P 0.01), and postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption were lower in MOD (P 0.02) and VIG (P 0.001). In VIG, ratings of hunger (P 0.01) and prospective food consumption (P 0.03) were lower after acute exercise at 3 mo. At 6 mo, basal and postprandial GLP-1 were higher (P 0.04) whereas postexercise PYY was lower (P 0.03) in VIG and postexercise CCK was lower in BIKE (P 0.03). Vigorous-intensity exercise training leads to a transient suppression of energy intake and subjective appetite (3 mo) but a more long-term increase in basal and postprandial GLP-1 (6 mo) in individuals with overweight and obesity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first randomized controlled trial, to our knowledge, investigating long-term effects of exercise domain and intensity on subjective and hormonal markers of appetite and ad libitum energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite was assessed in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Anorexigenic effects of exercise vary with the duration of intervention and are restricted to regular leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity in individuals with overweight and obesity.

AB - Acute exercise is associated with a transient suppression of appetite. The effects of regular exercise on appetite are not well understood. We aimed to determine the effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite. One hundred thirty physically inactive women and men (20 - 45 yr) with overweight and obesity were randomized to 6 mo of habitual lifestyle (CON, n 18), active commuting (BIKE, n 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate [MOD, 50% peak oxygen uptake (V O2peak)-reserve, n 39] or vigorous (VIG, 70% V O2peak-reserve, n 38) intensity. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon were assessed in the basal state and in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Ad libitum energy intake was determined during test meals. Data from 90 participants (per protocol) were available, and results are comparisons with CON. At 3 mo, ad libitum energy intake was lower in VIG (22%, P 0.01), basal glucagon was lower in BIKE (P 0.05) and VIG (P 0.01), and postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption were lower in MOD (P 0.02) and VIG (P 0.001). In VIG, ratings of hunger (P 0.01) and prospective food consumption (P 0.03) were lower after acute exercise at 3 mo. At 6 mo, basal and postprandial GLP-1 were higher (P 0.04) whereas postexercise PYY was lower (P 0.03) in VIG and postexercise CCK was lower in BIKE (P 0.03). Vigorous-intensity exercise training leads to a transient suppression of energy intake and subjective appetite (3 mo) but a more long-term increase in basal and postprandial GLP-1 (6 mo) in individuals with overweight and obesity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first randomized controlled trial, to our knowledge, investigating long-term effects of exercise domain and intensity on subjective and hormonal markers of appetite and ad libitum energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite was assessed in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Anorexigenic effects of exercise vary with the duration of intervention and are restricted to regular leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity in individuals with overweight and obesity.

U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00239.2018

DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00239.2018

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30605397

SN - 8750-7587

VL - 126

SP - 941

EP - 951

JO - Journal of Applied Physiology

JF - Journal of Applied Physiology

IS - 4

ER -

Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity

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