Dissecting the role of viruses in marine nutrient cycling: bacterial uptake of D- and L-amino acids released by viral lysis

Emma J. Shelford; Niels O. G. Jørgensen; Susan Rasmussen; Curtis A. Suttle; Mathias Middelboe

doi:10.3354/ame01720

Dissecting the role of viruses in marine nutrient cycling: bacterial uptake of D- and L-amino acids released by viral lysis

Emma J. Shelford, Niels O. G. Jørgensen, Susan Rasmussen, Curtis A. Suttle, Mathias Middelboe

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Lysis of marine bacteria by viruses releases a range of organic compounds into the environment, including D- and L-amino acids, but the uptake of these compounds by other bacteria is not well characterized. This study determined that Photobacterium sp. strain SKA34 (Gamma - proteobacteria) increased in abundance following uptake of D- and L-amino acids from viral lysate of Cellulophaga sp. strain MM#3 (Flavobacteria). Ammonium and dissolved free amino acids were taken up almost to detection limits, suggesting that the C:N ratio of bioavailable organic matter in the lysate was high for Photobacterium sp. growth, thus causing a net uptake of ammonium. In contrast, only 1.51 μmol l−1 of the 4.77 μmol l−1 of the total dissolved combined amino acids (DCAAs) were taken up, indicating that a fraction of lysate-derived DCAAs were semi-labile or refractory to bacterial uptake. Both D- and L-amino acid uptake rates were approximately proportional to their concentrations, indicating similar availability for each enantiomer and unsaturated uptake rates. These results imply that under high C:N conditions, both D-amino acids (mainly found in bacterial cell walls) and L-amino acids (found in proteins of the rest of the cell) are equally available for bacterial growth, and support arguments that viruses are key players in marine nitrogen cycling.

Original language	English
Journal	Aquatic Microbial Ecology
Volume	73
Issue number	3
Pages (from-to)	235-243
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0948-3055
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01720
Publication status	Published - 2014

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Cite this

@article{68feab785b7b4bf0aeca824cf4dcb84f,

title = "Dissecting the role of viruses in marine nutrient cycling: bacterial uptake of D- and L-amino acids released by viral lysis",

abstract = "Lysis of marine bacteria by viruses releases a range of organic compounds into the environment, including D- and L-amino acids, but the uptake of these compounds by other bacteria is not well characterized. This study determined that Photobacterium sp. strain SKA34 (Gamma - proteobacteria) increased in abundance following uptake of D- and L-amino acids from viral lysate of Cellulophaga sp. strain MM#3 (Flavobacteria). Ammonium and dissolved free amino acids were taken up almost to detection limits, suggesting that the C:N ratio of bioavailable organic matter in the lysate was high for Photobacterium sp. growth, thus causing a net uptake of ammonium. In contrast, only 1.51 μmol l−1 of the 4.77 μmol l−1 of the total dissolved combined amino acids (DCAAs) were taken up, indicating that a fraction of lysate-derived DCAAs were semi-labile or refractory to bacterial uptake. Both D- and L-amino acid uptake rates were approximately proportional to their concentrations, indicating similar availability for each enantiomer and unsaturated uptake rates. These results imply that under high C:N conditions, both D-amino acids (mainly found in bacterial cell walls) and L-amino acids (found in proteins of the rest of the cell) are equally available for bacterial growth, and support arguments that viruses are key players in marine nitrogen cycling.",

author = "Shelford, {Emma J.} and J{\o}rgensen, {Niels O. G.} and Susan Rasmussen and Suttle, {Curtis A.} and Mathias Middelboe",

year = "2014",

doi = "10.3354/ame01720",

language = "English",

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pages = "235--243",

journal = "Aquatic Microbial Ecology",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Dissecting the role of viruses in marine nutrient cycling

T2 - bacterial uptake of D- and L-amino acids released by viral lysis

AU - Shelford, Emma J.

AU - Jørgensen, Niels O. G.

AU - Rasmussen, Susan

AU - Suttle, Curtis A.

AU - Middelboe, Mathias

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Lysis of marine bacteria by viruses releases a range of organic compounds into the environment, including D- and L-amino acids, but the uptake of these compounds by other bacteria is not well characterized. This study determined that Photobacterium sp. strain SKA34 (Gamma - proteobacteria) increased in abundance following uptake of D- and L-amino acids from viral lysate of Cellulophaga sp. strain MM#3 (Flavobacteria). Ammonium and dissolved free amino acids were taken up almost to detection limits, suggesting that the C:N ratio of bioavailable organic matter in the lysate was high for Photobacterium sp. growth, thus causing a net uptake of ammonium. In contrast, only 1.51 μmol l−1 of the 4.77 μmol l−1 of the total dissolved combined amino acids (DCAAs) were taken up, indicating that a fraction of lysate-derived DCAAs were semi-labile or refractory to bacterial uptake. Both D- and L-amino acid uptake rates were approximately proportional to their concentrations, indicating similar availability for each enantiomer and unsaturated uptake rates. These results imply that under high C:N conditions, both D-amino acids (mainly found in bacterial cell walls) and L-amino acids (found in proteins of the rest of the cell) are equally available for bacterial growth, and support arguments that viruses are key players in marine nitrogen cycling.

AB - Lysis of marine bacteria by viruses releases a range of organic compounds into the environment, including D- and L-amino acids, but the uptake of these compounds by other bacteria is not well characterized. This study determined that Photobacterium sp. strain SKA34 (Gamma - proteobacteria) increased in abundance following uptake of D- and L-amino acids from viral lysate of Cellulophaga sp. strain MM#3 (Flavobacteria). Ammonium and dissolved free amino acids were taken up almost to detection limits, suggesting that the C:N ratio of bioavailable organic matter in the lysate was high for Photobacterium sp. growth, thus causing a net uptake of ammonium. In contrast, only 1.51 μmol l−1 of the 4.77 μmol l−1 of the total dissolved combined amino acids (DCAAs) were taken up, indicating that a fraction of lysate-derived DCAAs were semi-labile or refractory to bacterial uptake. Both D- and L-amino acid uptake rates were approximately proportional to their concentrations, indicating similar availability for each enantiomer and unsaturated uptake rates. These results imply that under high C:N conditions, both D-amino acids (mainly found in bacterial cell walls) and L-amino acids (found in proteins of the rest of the cell) are equally available for bacterial growth, and support arguments that viruses are key players in marine nitrogen cycling.

U2 - 10.3354/ame01720

DO - 10.3354/ame01720

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0948-3055

VL - 73

SP - 235

EP - 243

JO - Aquatic Microbial Ecology

JF - Aquatic Microbial Ecology

IS - 3

ER -