Academic performance in adolescents aged 15-16 years born after frozen embryo transfer compared with fresh embryo transfer: a nationwide registry-based cohort study

TY - JOUR

T1 - Academic performance in adolescents aged 15-16 years born after frozen embryo transfer compared with fresh embryo transfer

T2 - a nationwide registry-based cohort study

AU - Spangmose, A L

AU - Malchau, S S

AU - Henningsen, A A

AU - Forman, J L

AU - Rasmussen, S

AU - Loft, A

AU - Schmidt, L

AU - Pinborg, A

N1 - © 2018 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

PY - 2019/1

Y1 - 2019/1

N2 - OBJECTIVE: To assess academic performance in singletons aged 15-16 years conceived after frozen embryo transfer (FET) compared with singletons born after fresh embryo transfer (ET) in Danish cohorts born from 1995 to 2001.DESIGN: Danish national registry-based cohort study.SETTING: Danish national registries.POPULATION: All 6495 singletons conceived after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in Denmark from 1995 to 2001 [FET (n) = 423; fresh ET (n) = 6072].METHODS: Mean test scores on a national standardised and international comparable grading-scale. Comparisons of test score were first made in univariate analysis (Model 1) and secondly in a multivariate linear model (Model 2) adjusting for relevant reproductive and socio-demographic covariates such as the occupational and educational level of the parents. Sensitivity analyses on FET-IVF (in vitro fertilisation) versus fresh ET-IVF and FET-ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) versus fresh ET-ICSI were made. Linear mixed models were used to account for the correlation in test scores of siblings for continuous outcome.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean overall test score and test score in Danish, mathematics, English, and physics/chemistry.RESULTS: Crude and adjusted mean test scores were similar for adolescents conceived after FET compared with fresh ET. The crude mean difference was +0.11 (95% CI -0.11; 0.34), and the adjusted mean difference was +0.12 (95% CI -0.09; 0.34).CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents conceived after FET had similar academic performance at 15-16 of years of age compared with children conceived after fresh ET.TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Using frozen embryos in fertility treatment does not affect school performance in Danish adolescents aged 15-16 years.

AB - OBJECTIVE: To assess academic performance in singletons aged 15-16 years conceived after frozen embryo transfer (FET) compared with singletons born after fresh embryo transfer (ET) in Danish cohorts born from 1995 to 2001.DESIGN: Danish national registry-based cohort study.SETTING: Danish national registries.POPULATION: All 6495 singletons conceived after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in Denmark from 1995 to 2001 [FET (n) = 423; fresh ET (n) = 6072].METHODS: Mean test scores on a national standardised and international comparable grading-scale. Comparisons of test score were first made in univariate analysis (Model 1) and secondly in a multivariate linear model (Model 2) adjusting for relevant reproductive and socio-demographic covariates such as the occupational and educational level of the parents. Sensitivity analyses on FET-IVF (in vitro fertilisation) versus fresh ET-IVF and FET-ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) versus fresh ET-ICSI were made. Linear mixed models were used to account for the correlation in test scores of siblings for continuous outcome.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean overall test score and test score in Danish, mathematics, English, and physics/chemistry.RESULTS: Crude and adjusted mean test scores were similar for adolescents conceived after FET compared with fresh ET. The crude mean difference was +0.11 (95% CI -0.11; 0.34), and the adjusted mean difference was +0.12 (95% CI -0.09; 0.34).CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents conceived after FET had similar academic performance at 15-16 of years of age compared with children conceived after fresh ET.TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Using frozen embryos in fertility treatment does not affect school performance in Danish adolescents aged 15-16 years.

U2 - 10.1111/1471-0528.15484

DO - 10.1111/1471-0528.15484

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30276983

SN - 0140-7686

VL - 126

SP - 261

EP - 269

JO - The Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of the British Commonwealth

JF - The Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of the British Commonwealth

IS - 2

ER -