The effective mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies without compromising yield by early-season drainage

TY - JOUR

T1 - The effective mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies without compromising yield by early-season drainage

AU - Islam, Syed Faiz-Ul

AU - van Groenigen, Jan Willem

AU - Jensen, Lars Stoumann

AU - Sander, Bjoern Ole

AU - de Neergaard, Andreas

N1 - Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PY - 2018/1/15

Y1 - 2018/1/15

N2 - Global rice production systems face two opposing challenges: the need to increase production to accommodate the world's growing population while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Adaptations to drainage regimes are one of the most promising options for methane mitigation in rice production. Whereas several studies have focused on mid-season drainage (MD) to mitigate GHG emissions, early-season drainage (ED) varying in timing and duration has not been extensively studied. However, such ED periods could potentially be very effective since initial available C levels (and thereby the potential for methanogenesis) can be very high in paddy systems with rice straw incorporation. This study tested the effectiveness of seven drainage regimes varying in their timing and duration (combinations of ED and MD) to mitigate CH4 and N2O emissions in a 101-day growth chamber experiment. Emissions were considerably reduced by early-season drainage compared to both conventional continuous flooding (CF) and the MD drainage regime. The results suggest that ED + MD drainage may have the potential to reduce CH4 emissions and yield-scaled GWP by 85–90% compared to CF and by 75–77% compared to MD only. A combination of (short or long) ED drainage and one MD drainage episode was found to be the most effective in mitigating CH4 emissions without negatively affecting yield. In particular, compared with CF, the long early-season drainage treatments LE + SM and LE + LM significantly (p < 0.01) decreased yield-scaled GWP by 85% and 87% respectively. This was associated with carbon being stabilised early in the season, thereby reducing available C for methanogenesis. Overall N2O emissions were small and not significantly affected by ED. It is concluded that ED + MD drainage might be an effective low-tech option for small-scale farmers to reduce GHG emissions and save water while maintaining yield.

AB - Global rice production systems face two opposing challenges: the need to increase production to accommodate the world's growing population while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Adaptations to drainage regimes are one of the most promising options for methane mitigation in rice production. Whereas several studies have focused on mid-season drainage (MD) to mitigate GHG emissions, early-season drainage (ED) varying in timing and duration has not been extensively studied. However, such ED periods could potentially be very effective since initial available C levels (and thereby the potential for methanogenesis) can be very high in paddy systems with rice straw incorporation. This study tested the effectiveness of seven drainage regimes varying in their timing and duration (combinations of ED and MD) to mitigate CH4 and N2O emissions in a 101-day growth chamber experiment. Emissions were considerably reduced by early-season drainage compared to both conventional continuous flooding (CF) and the MD drainage regime. The results suggest that ED + MD drainage may have the potential to reduce CH4 emissions and yield-scaled GWP by 85–90% compared to CF and by 75–77% compared to MD only. A combination of (short or long) ED drainage and one MD drainage episode was found to be the most effective in mitigating CH4 emissions without negatively affecting yield. In particular, compared with CF, the long early-season drainage treatments LE + SM and LE + LM significantly (p < 0.01) decreased yield-scaled GWP by 85% and 87% respectively. This was associated with carbon being stabilised early in the season, thereby reducing available C for methanogenesis. Overall N2O emissions were small and not significantly affected by ED. It is concluded that ED + MD drainage might be an effective low-tech option for small-scale farmers to reduce GHG emissions and save water while maintaining yield.

U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.022

DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.022

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28898939

SN - 0048-9697

VL - 612

SP - 1329

EP - 1339

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

ER -