Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages

Saskia Wutke; Norbert Benecke; Edson Sandoval-Castellanos; Hans-Jürgen Döhle; Susanne Friederich; Javier Gonzalez; Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson; Michael Hofreiter; Lembi Lõugas; Ola Magnell; Arturo Morales-Muniz; Ludovic Antoine Alexandre Orlando; Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir; Monika Reissmann; Matej Ruttkay; Alexandra Trinks; Arne Ludwig

doi:10.1038/srep38548

Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages

Saskia Wutke, Norbert Benecke, Edson Sandoval-Castellanos, Hans-Jürgen Döhle, Susanne Friederich, Javier Gonzalez, Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson, Michael Hofreiter, Lembi Lõugas, Ola Magnell, Arturo Morales-Muniz, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre Orlando, Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir, Monika Reissmann, Matej Ruttkay, Alexandra Trinks, Arne Ludwig

16 Citationer (Scopus)

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Abstract

Horses have been valued for their diversity of coat colour since prehistoric times; this is especially the case since their domestication in the Caspian steppe in ~3,500 BC. Although we can assume that human preferences were not constant, we have only anecdotal information about how domestic horses were influenced by humans. Our results from genotype analyses show a significant increase in spotted coats in early domestic horses (Copper Age to Iron Age). In contrast, medieval horses carried significantly fewer alleles for these phenotypes, whereas solid phenotypes (i.e., chestnut) became dominant. This shift may have been supported because of (i) pleiotropic disadvantages, (ii) a reduced need to separate domestic horses from their wild counterparts, (iii) a lower religious prestige, or (iv) novel developments in weaponry. These scenarios may have acted alone or in combination. However, the dominance of chestnut is a remarkable feature of the medieval horse population.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Artikelnummer	38548
Tidsskrift	Scientific Reports
Vol/bind	6
Antal sider	9
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38548
Status	Udgivet - 7 dec. 2016

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10.1038/srep38548Licens: CC BY

Wutke_2016_Spotted_phenotypesForlagets udgivne version, 1,11 MBLicens: CC BY

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Wutke, S., Benecke, N., Sandoval-Castellanos, E., Döhle, H-J., Friederich, S., Gonzalez, J., Hallsson, J. H., Hofreiter, M., Lõugas, L., Magnell, O., Morales-Muniz, A., Orlando, L. A. A., Pálsdóttir, A. H., Reissmann, M., Ruttkay, M., Trinks, A., & Ludwig, A. (2016). Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages. Scientific Reports, 6, [38548]. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38548

Wutke, S, Benecke, N, Sandoval-Castellanos, E, Döhle, H-J, Friederich, S, Gonzalez, J, Hallsson, JH, Hofreiter, M, Lõugas, L, Magnell, O, Morales-Muniz, A, Orlando, LAA, Pálsdóttir, AH, Reissmann, M, Ruttkay, M, Trinks, A & Ludwig, A 2016, 'Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages', Scientific Reports, bind 6, 38548. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38548

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title = "Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages",

abstract = "Horses have been valued for their diversity of coat colour since prehistoric times; this is especially the case since their domestication in the Caspian steppe in ~3,500 BC. Although we can assume that human preferences were not constant, we have only anecdotal information about how domestic horses were influenced by humans. Our results from genotype analyses show a significant increase in spotted coats in early domestic horses (Copper Age to Iron Age). In contrast, medieval horses carried significantly fewer alleles for these phenotypes, whereas solid phenotypes (i.e., chestnut) became dominant. This shift may have been supported because of (i) pleiotropic disadvantages, (ii) a reduced need to separate domestic horses from their wild counterparts, (iii) a lower religious prestige, or (iv) novel developments in weaponry. These scenarios may have acted alone or in combination. However, the dominance of chestnut is a remarkable feature of the medieval horse population.",

author = "Saskia Wutke and Norbert Benecke and Edson Sandoval-Castellanos and Hans-J{\"u}rgen D{\"o}hle and Susanne Friederich and Javier Gonzalez and Hallsson, {J{\'o}n Hallsteinn} and Michael Hofreiter and Lembi L{\~o}ugas and Ola Magnell and Arturo Morales-Muniz and Orlando, {Ludovic Antoine Alexandre} and P{\'a}lsd{\'o}ttir, {Alb{\'i}na Hulda} and Monika Reissmann and Matej Ruttkay and Alexandra Trinks and Arne Ludwig",

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T1 - Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages

AU - Wutke, Saskia

AU - Benecke, Norbert

AU - Sandoval-Castellanos, Edson

AU - Döhle, Hans-Jürgen

AU - Friederich, Susanne

AU - Gonzalez, Javier

AU - Hallsson, Jón Hallsteinn

AU - Hofreiter, Michael

AU - Lõugas, Lembi

AU - Magnell, Ola

AU - Morales-Muniz, Arturo

AU - Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre

AU - Pálsdóttir, Albína Hulda

AU - Reissmann, Monika

AU - Ruttkay, Matej

AU - Trinks, Alexandra

AU - Ludwig, Arne

PY - 2016/12/7

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N2 - Horses have been valued for their diversity of coat colour since prehistoric times; this is especially the case since their domestication in the Caspian steppe in ~3,500 BC. Although we can assume that human preferences were not constant, we have only anecdotal information about how domestic horses were influenced by humans. Our results from genotype analyses show a significant increase in spotted coats in early domestic horses (Copper Age to Iron Age). In contrast, medieval horses carried significantly fewer alleles for these phenotypes, whereas solid phenotypes (i.e., chestnut) became dominant. This shift may have been supported because of (i) pleiotropic disadvantages, (ii) a reduced need to separate domestic horses from their wild counterparts, (iii) a lower religious prestige, or (iv) novel developments in weaponry. These scenarios may have acted alone or in combination. However, the dominance of chestnut is a remarkable feature of the medieval horse population.

AB - Horses have been valued for their diversity of coat colour since prehistoric times; this is especially the case since their domestication in the Caspian steppe in ~3,500 BC. Although we can assume that human preferences were not constant, we have only anecdotal information about how domestic horses were influenced by humans. Our results from genotype analyses show a significant increase in spotted coats in early domestic horses (Copper Age to Iron Age). In contrast, medieval horses carried significantly fewer alleles for these phenotypes, whereas solid phenotypes (i.e., chestnut) became dominant. This shift may have been supported because of (i) pleiotropic disadvantages, (ii) a reduced need to separate domestic horses from their wild counterparts, (iii) a lower religious prestige, or (iv) novel developments in weaponry. These scenarios may have acted alone or in combination. However, the dominance of chestnut is a remarkable feature of the medieval horse population.

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JO - Scientific Reports

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ER -

Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages

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