Self-reported restless legs syndrome and involuntary leg movements during sleep are associated with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Maria Didriksen; Lise W. Thørner; Christian Erikstrup; Ole B Pedersen; Helene M Paarup; Mikkel Petersen; Thomas F. Hansen; Karina Banasik; Kaspar R Nielsen; Henrik Hjalgrim; Poul J Jennum; Erik Sørensen; Kristoffer S Burgdorf; Henrik Ullum

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.039

Self-reported restless legs syndrome and involuntary leg movements during sleep are associated with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Maria Didriksen, Lise W. Thørner, Christian Erikstrup, Ole B Pedersen, Helene M Paarup, Mikkel Petersen, Thomas F. Hansen, Karina Banasik, Kaspar R Nielsen, Henrik Hjalgrim, Poul J Jennum, Erik Sørensen, Kristoffer S Burgdorf, Henrik Ullum

2 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are disorders with virtually unknown etiologies. Several studies suggest that these disorders are comorbid. However, previous findings may have been influenced by study participants undergoing medical treatments. Thus, the association between RLS and ADHD needs to be investigated in a large population of individuals, not in continuous medical treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 25,336 participants enrolled in the Danish Blood Donor Study from May 1, 2015, to February 1, 2017. Study participants completed the Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire, reported experience of involuntary leg movements during sleep (ILMS), completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v.1.1 (ASRS), and provided information on sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, whole blood donation history, and self-appraised quality of sleep. Associations between RLS and ADHD symptoms, including subtypes, were examined using multivariate linear- and logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS: Of the 25,336 participants with complete data, 1,322 (5.2%) were classified with RLS, and 653 (2.6%) experienced ADHD symptoms. RLS sufferers were more prone to classify with ADHD according to the full ASRS (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 3.14-4.0), and they were also more likely to experience ADHD-subtype symptoms (inattention, OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.43-1.90; hyperactivity-impulsivity, OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.66-2.14). Finally, RLS sufferers with ILMS had increased odds for ADHD symptoms compared with RLS sufferers without (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.30-3.55). This was also observed for the hyperactivity-impulsivity subtype (OR = 5.57, 95% CI: 2.14-14.5).

CONCLUSIONS: RLS and ADHD are associated and may be comorbid disorders.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Sleep Medicine
Vol/bind	57
Sider (fra-til)	115-121
Antal sider	7
ISSN	1389-9457
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.039
Status	Udgivet - maj 2019

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10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.039

Citationsformater

Didriksen, M., Thørner, L. W., Erikstrup, C., Pedersen, O. B., Paarup, H. M., Petersen, M., Hansen, T. F., Banasik, K., Nielsen, K. R., Hjalgrim, H., Jennum, P. J., Sørensen, E., Burgdorf, K. S., & Ullum, H. (2019). Self-reported restless legs syndrome and involuntary leg movements during sleep are associated with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sleep Medicine, 57, 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.039

Didriksen, M, Thørner, LW, Erikstrup, C, Pedersen, OB, Paarup, HM, Petersen, M, Hansen, TF, Banasik, K, Nielsen, KR, Hjalgrim, H, Jennum, PJ, Sørensen, E, Burgdorf, KS & Ullum, H 2019, 'Self-reported restless legs syndrome and involuntary leg movements during sleep are associated with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder', Sleep Medicine, bind 57, s. 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.039

@article{25174eb983a94f36b5dfce453de0b0ff,

title = "Self-reported restless legs syndrome and involuntary leg movements during sleep are associated with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are disorders with virtually unknown etiologies. Several studies suggest that these disorders are comorbid. However, previous findings may have been influenced by study participants undergoing medical treatments. Thus, the association between RLS and ADHD needs to be investigated in a large population of individuals, not in continuous medical treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 25,336 participants enrolled in the Danish Blood Donor Study from May 1, 2015, to February 1, 2017. Study participants completed the Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire, reported experience of involuntary leg movements during sleep (ILMS), completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v.1.1 (ASRS), and provided information on sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, whole blood donation history, and self-appraised quality of sleep. Associations between RLS and ADHD symptoms, including subtypes, were examined using multivariate linear- and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS: Of the 25,336 participants with complete data, 1,322 (5.2%) were classified with RLS, and 653 (2.6%) experienced ADHD symptoms. RLS sufferers were more prone to classify with ADHD according to the full ASRS (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 3.14-4.0), and they were also more likely to experience ADHD-subtype symptoms (inattention, OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.43-1.90; hyperactivity-impulsivity, OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.66-2.14). Finally, RLS sufferers with ILMS had increased odds for ADHD symptoms compared with RLS sufferers without (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.30-3.55). This was also observed for the hyperactivity-impulsivity subtype (OR = 5.57, 95% CI: 2.14-14.5).CONCLUSIONS: RLS and ADHD are associated and may be comorbid disorders.",

author = "Maria Didriksen and Th{\o}rner, {Lise W.} and Christian Erikstrup and Pedersen, {Ole B} and Paarup, {Helene M} and Mikkel Petersen and Hansen, {Thomas F.} and Karina Banasik and Nielsen, {Kaspar R} and Henrik Hjalgrim and Jennum, {Poul J} and Erik S{\o}rensen and Burgdorf, {Kristoffer S} and Henrik Ullum",

year = "2019",

month = may,

doi = "10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.039",

language = "English",

volume = "57",

pages = "115--121",

journal = "Sleep Medicine",

issn = "1389-9457",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Self-reported restless legs syndrome and involuntary leg movements during sleep are associated with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

AU - Didriksen, Maria

AU - Thørner, Lise W.

AU - Erikstrup, Christian

AU - Pedersen, Ole B

AU - Paarup, Helene M

AU - Petersen, Mikkel

AU - Hansen, Thomas F.

AU - Banasik, Karina

AU - Nielsen, Kaspar R

AU - Hjalgrim, Henrik

AU - Jennum, Poul J

AU - Sørensen, Erik

AU - Burgdorf, Kristoffer S

AU - Ullum, Henrik

PY - 2019/5

Y1 - 2019/5

N2 - BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are disorders with virtually unknown etiologies. Several studies suggest that these disorders are comorbid. However, previous findings may have been influenced by study participants undergoing medical treatments. Thus, the association between RLS and ADHD needs to be investigated in a large population of individuals, not in continuous medical treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 25,336 participants enrolled in the Danish Blood Donor Study from May 1, 2015, to February 1, 2017. Study participants completed the Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire, reported experience of involuntary leg movements during sleep (ILMS), completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v.1.1 (ASRS), and provided information on sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, whole blood donation history, and self-appraised quality of sleep. Associations between RLS and ADHD symptoms, including subtypes, were examined using multivariate linear- and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS: Of the 25,336 participants with complete data, 1,322 (5.2%) were classified with RLS, and 653 (2.6%) experienced ADHD symptoms. RLS sufferers were more prone to classify with ADHD according to the full ASRS (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 3.14-4.0), and they were also more likely to experience ADHD-subtype symptoms (inattention, OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.43-1.90; hyperactivity-impulsivity, OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.66-2.14). Finally, RLS sufferers with ILMS had increased odds for ADHD symptoms compared with RLS sufferers without (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.30-3.55). This was also observed for the hyperactivity-impulsivity subtype (OR = 5.57, 95% CI: 2.14-14.5).CONCLUSIONS: RLS and ADHD are associated and may be comorbid disorders.

AB - BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are disorders with virtually unknown etiologies. Several studies suggest that these disorders are comorbid. However, previous findings may have been influenced by study participants undergoing medical treatments. Thus, the association between RLS and ADHD needs to be investigated in a large population of individuals, not in continuous medical treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 25,336 participants enrolled in the Danish Blood Donor Study from May 1, 2015, to February 1, 2017. Study participants completed the Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire, reported experience of involuntary leg movements during sleep (ILMS), completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v.1.1 (ASRS), and provided information on sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, whole blood donation history, and self-appraised quality of sleep. Associations between RLS and ADHD symptoms, including subtypes, were examined using multivariate linear- and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS: Of the 25,336 participants with complete data, 1,322 (5.2%) were classified with RLS, and 653 (2.6%) experienced ADHD symptoms. RLS sufferers were more prone to classify with ADHD according to the full ASRS (OR = 3.57, 95% CI: 3.14-4.0), and they were also more likely to experience ADHD-subtype symptoms (inattention, OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.43-1.90; hyperactivity-impulsivity, OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.66-2.14). Finally, RLS sufferers with ILMS had increased odds for ADHD symptoms compared with RLS sufferers without (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.30-3.55). This was also observed for the hyperactivity-impulsivity subtype (OR = 5.57, 95% CI: 2.14-14.5).CONCLUSIONS: RLS and ADHD are associated and may be comorbid disorders.

U2 - 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.039

DO - 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.039

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30954788

SN - 1389-9457

VL - 57

SP - 115

EP - 121

JO - Sleep Medicine

JF - Sleep Medicine

ER -

Self-reported restless legs syndrome and involuntary leg movements during sleep are associated with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

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