Multi-factor climate change effects on insect herbivore performance

Christoph  Scherber; David J. Gladbach; Karen Stevnbak Andersen; Rune Juelsborg Karsten; Inger Kappel Schmidt; Anders Michelsen; Kristian Rost Albert; Klaus Steenberg Larsen; Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen; Claus Beier; Søren Christensen

doi:10.1002/ece3.564

Multi-factor climate change effects on insect herbivore performance

Christoph Scherber, David J. Gladbach, Karen Stevnbak Andersen, Rune Juelsborg Karsten, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Anders Michelsen, Kristian Rost Albert, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen, Claus Beier, Søren Christensen

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Abstract

The impact of climate change on herbivorous insects can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystem processes. However, experiments investigating the combined effects of multiple climate change drivers on herbivorous insects are scarce. We independently manipulated three climate change drivers (CO₂, warming, drought) in a Danish heathland ecosystem. The experiment was established in 2005 as a full factorial split-plot with 6 blocks × 2 levels of CO₂ × 2 levels of warming × 2 levels of drought = 48 plots. In 2008, we exposed 432 larvae (n = 9 per plot) of the heather beetle (Lochmaea suturalis Thomson), an important herbivore on heather, to ambient versus elevated drought, temperature, and CO₂ (plus all combinations) for 5 weeks. Larval weight and survival were highest under ambient conditions and decreased significantly with the number of climate change drivers. Weight was lowest under the drought treatment, and there was a three-way interaction between time, CO₂, and drought. Survival was lowest when drought, warming, and elevated CO₂ were combined. Effects of climate change drivers depended on other co-acting factors and were mediated by changes in plant secondary compounds, nitrogen, and water content. Overall, drought was the most important factor for this insect herbivore. Our study shows that weight and survival of insect herbivores may decline under future climate. The complexity of insect herbivore responses increases with the number of combined climate change drivers. In a multi-factor climate change experiment, we tested effects of three independent global change drivers on insect herbivore performance. We found that most drivers adversely affected herbivore performance. The most surprising result of our study, however, was that the number of global change drivers (0, 1, 2 or 3) additively affected herbivore performance.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Ecology and Evolution
Vol/bind	3
Udgave nummer	6
Sider (fra-til)	1449–1460
Antal sider	12
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.564
Status	Udgivet - jun. 2013

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title = "Multi-factor climate change effects on insect herbivore performance",

abstract = "The impact of climate change on herbivorous insects can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystem processes. However, experiments investigating the combined effects of multiple climate change drivers on herbivorous insects are scarce. We independently manipulated three climate change drivers (CO2, warming, drought) in a Danish heathland ecosystem. The experiment was established in 2005 as a full factorial split-plot with 6 blocks × 2 levels of CO2 × 2 levels of warming × 2 levels of drought = 48 plots. In 2008, we exposed 432 larvae (n = 9 per plot) of the heather beetle (Lochmaea suturalis Thomson), an important herbivore on heather, to ambient versus elevated drought, temperature, and CO2 (plus all combinations) for 5 weeks. Larval weight and survival were highest under ambient conditions and decreased significantly with the number of climate change drivers. Weight was lowest under the drought treatment, and there was a three-way interaction between time, CO2, and drought. Survival was lowest when drought, warming, and elevated CO2 were combined. Effects of climate change drivers depended on other co-acting factors and were mediated by changes in plant secondary compounds, nitrogen, and water content. Overall, drought was the most important factor for this insect herbivore. Our study shows that weight and survival of insect herbivores may decline under future climate. The complexity of insect herbivore responses increases with the number of combined climate change drivers. In a multi-factor climate change experiment, we tested effects of three independent global change drivers on insect herbivore performance. We found that most drivers adversely affected herbivore performance. The most surprising result of our study, however, was that the number of global change drivers (0, 1, 2 or 3) additively affected herbivore performance.",

author = "Christoph Scherber and Gladbach, {David J.} and Andersen, {Karen Stevnbak} and Karsten, {Rune Juelsborg} and Schmidt, {Inger Kappel} and Anders Michelsen and Albert, {Kristian Rost} and Larsen, {Klaus Steenberg} and Mikkelsen, {Teis N{\o}rgaard} and Claus Beier and S{\o}ren Christensen",

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AU - Gladbach, David J.

AU - Andersen, Karen Stevnbak

AU - Karsten, Rune Juelsborg

AU - Schmidt, Inger Kappel

AU - Michelsen, Anders

AU - Albert, Kristian Rost

AU - Larsen, Klaus Steenberg

AU - Mikkelsen, Teis Nørgaard

AU - Beier, Claus

AU - Christensen, Søren

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N2 - The impact of climate change on herbivorous insects can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystem processes. However, experiments investigating the combined effects of multiple climate change drivers on herbivorous insects are scarce. We independently manipulated three climate change drivers (CO2, warming, drought) in a Danish heathland ecosystem. The experiment was established in 2005 as a full factorial split-plot with 6 blocks × 2 levels of CO2 × 2 levels of warming × 2 levels of drought = 48 plots. In 2008, we exposed 432 larvae (n = 9 per plot) of the heather beetle (Lochmaea suturalis Thomson), an important herbivore on heather, to ambient versus elevated drought, temperature, and CO2 (plus all combinations) for 5 weeks. Larval weight and survival were highest under ambient conditions and decreased significantly with the number of climate change drivers. Weight was lowest under the drought treatment, and there was a three-way interaction between time, CO2, and drought. Survival was lowest when drought, warming, and elevated CO2 were combined. Effects of climate change drivers depended on other co-acting factors and were mediated by changes in plant secondary compounds, nitrogen, and water content. Overall, drought was the most important factor for this insect herbivore. Our study shows that weight and survival of insect herbivores may decline under future climate. The complexity of insect herbivore responses increases with the number of combined climate change drivers. In a multi-factor climate change experiment, we tested effects of three independent global change drivers on insect herbivore performance. We found that most drivers adversely affected herbivore performance. The most surprising result of our study, however, was that the number of global change drivers (0, 1, 2 or 3) additively affected herbivore performance.

AB - The impact of climate change on herbivorous insects can have far-reaching consequences for ecosystem processes. However, experiments investigating the combined effects of multiple climate change drivers on herbivorous insects are scarce. We independently manipulated three climate change drivers (CO2, warming, drought) in a Danish heathland ecosystem. The experiment was established in 2005 as a full factorial split-plot with 6 blocks × 2 levels of CO2 × 2 levels of warming × 2 levels of drought = 48 plots. In 2008, we exposed 432 larvae (n = 9 per plot) of the heather beetle (Lochmaea suturalis Thomson), an important herbivore on heather, to ambient versus elevated drought, temperature, and CO2 (plus all combinations) for 5 weeks. Larval weight and survival were highest under ambient conditions and decreased significantly with the number of climate change drivers. Weight was lowest under the drought treatment, and there was a three-way interaction between time, CO2, and drought. Survival was lowest when drought, warming, and elevated CO2 were combined. Effects of climate change drivers depended on other co-acting factors and were mediated by changes in plant secondary compounds, nitrogen, and water content. Overall, drought was the most important factor for this insect herbivore. Our study shows that weight and survival of insect herbivores may decline under future climate. The complexity of insect herbivore responses increases with the number of combined climate change drivers. In a multi-factor climate change experiment, we tested effects of three independent global change drivers on insect herbivore performance. We found that most drivers adversely affected herbivore performance. The most surprising result of our study, however, was that the number of global change drivers (0, 1, 2 or 3) additively affected herbivore performance.

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DO - 10.1002/ece3.564

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C2 - 23789058

SN - 2045-7758

VL - 3

SP - 1449

EP - 1460

JO - Ecology and Evolution

JF - Ecology and Evolution

IS - 6

ER -

Multi-factor climate change effects on insect herbivore performance

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