Impaired serum inhibin-B and number of germ cells in boys with cryptorchidism following heavily gestational maternal smoking

TY - JOUR

T1 - Impaired serum inhibin-B and number of germ cells in boys with cryptorchidism following heavily gestational maternal smoking

AU - Hildorf, Simone

AU - Clasen-Linde, Erik

AU - Dong, Lihua

AU - Cortes, Dina

AU - Thorup, Jorgen

N1 - Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PY - 2019/4

Y1 - 2019/4

N2 - PURPOSE: A meta-analysis including 11,900 cases showed that maternal gestational smoking was associated with increased risk of cryptorchidism. The aim of study was to investigate whether a hormone profile of cryptorchid boys and a supplementing histopathological evaluation of testicular biopsies could add detailed knowledge to the impact of maternal gestational smoking on pathogenesis of cryptorchidism.METHODS: 601 cryptorchid boys aged 4 months to 14 years old were included. Because normal hormones have a pronounced age dependency, we compared results from boys whose mothers had smoked heavily (>10 cigarettes/day) during pregnancy with age matched cryptorchid controls of nonsmoking mothers (1:6). We studied: birthweight, germ-cell number/tubular cross section, frequency of germ cells positive for placental-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), gonadotropins and inhibin-B.RESULTS: 501 boys were sons of nonsmokers, 72 boys of intermittent smokers and 28 boys of heavy smokers. 39%, 44% and 61% respectively had bilateral cryptorchidism. Compared to age-matched cryptorchid controls of nonsmoking mothers, sons of heavy smokers had lower birthweight (p = 0.006), germ-cell number/tubular cross section (p = 0.009), frequency of germ cells positive for PLAP (p = 0.037) and inhibin-B (p = 0.042).CONCLUSIONS: All findings could be associated with placental dysfunction with altered human chorionic gonadotropin production well described in women smoking during pregnancy.TYPE OF STUDY: Prognosis study (prospective cohort study with >80% follow-up).LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1.

AB - PURPOSE: A meta-analysis including 11,900 cases showed that maternal gestational smoking was associated with increased risk of cryptorchidism. The aim of study was to investigate whether a hormone profile of cryptorchid boys and a supplementing histopathological evaluation of testicular biopsies could add detailed knowledge to the impact of maternal gestational smoking on pathogenesis of cryptorchidism.METHODS: 601 cryptorchid boys aged 4 months to 14 years old were included. Because normal hormones have a pronounced age dependency, we compared results from boys whose mothers had smoked heavily (>10 cigarettes/day) during pregnancy with age matched cryptorchid controls of nonsmoking mothers (1:6). We studied: birthweight, germ-cell number/tubular cross section, frequency of germ cells positive for placental-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), gonadotropins and inhibin-B.RESULTS: 501 boys were sons of nonsmokers, 72 boys of intermittent smokers and 28 boys of heavy smokers. 39%, 44% and 61% respectively had bilateral cryptorchidism. Compared to age-matched cryptorchid controls of nonsmoking mothers, sons of heavy smokers had lower birthweight (p = 0.006), germ-cell number/tubular cross section (p = 0.009), frequency of germ cells positive for PLAP (p = 0.037) and inhibin-B (p = 0.042).CONCLUSIONS: All findings could be associated with placental dysfunction with altered human chorionic gonadotropin production well described in women smoking during pregnancy.TYPE OF STUDY: Prognosis study (prospective cohort study with >80% follow-up).LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 1.

U2 - 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.03.026

DO - 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.03.026

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29706444

SN - 0022-3468

JO - Journal of Pediatric Surgery

JF - Journal of Pediatric Surgery

ER -