GTR-mediated radial import directs accumulation of defensive glucosinolates to sulfur-rich cells (S-cells) in phloem cap of inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis thaliana

Deyang Xu; Pascal Hunziker; Olga Koroleva; Andreas Blennow; Christoph Crocoll; Alexander Schulz; Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin; Barbara Ann Halkier

doi:10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.008

GTR-mediated radial import directs accumulation of defensive glucosinolates to sulfur-rich cells (S-cells) in phloem cap of inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis thaliana

Deyang Xu, Pascal Hunziker, Olga Koroleva, Andreas Blennow, Christoph Crocoll, Alexander Schulz, Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin, Barbara Ann Halkier

6 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

In the phloem cap region of Arabidopsis, sulfur-rich cells (S-cells) accumulate >100 mM glucosinolates (GLS), but are biosynthetically inactive. The source and route of S-cell-bound GLS remain elusive. Here we used single-cell sampling and scanning electron microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to show that the GLS importers NPF2.10/GTR1 and NPF2.11/GTR2 are critical for GLS accumulation in S-cells, although not localized to the S-cells. Analysis of S-cell GLS in homo- and heterografts of gtr1 gtr2, and biosynthetic null mutant on wild type indicate that S-cells accumulate GLS via symplasmic connections either directly from neighboring biosynthetic cells or indirectly to non-neighboring cells expressing GTRs. Distinct sources and transport routes exist for different types of GLS, and vary dependent on the position of S-cells in the inflorescence stem. Based on our data, we propose a model for GLS transport routes either directly from biosynthetic cells or via GTR-mediated import from apoplastic space radially into a symplasmic domain wherein the S-cells are the ultimate sink. Similarly, we observed accumulation of the cyanogenic glucoside defense compounds in high-turgor cells in phloem cap of Lotus japonicus, suggesting that storage of defense compounds in high-turgor cells may be a general mechanism for chemical protection of the phloem cap.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Molecular Plant
ISSN	1674-2052
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.008
Status	Accepteret/In press - 2019

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http://www.mendeley.com/research/gtrmediated-radial-import-directs-accumulation-defensive-glucosinolates-sulfurrich-cells-scells-phlo

Citationsformater

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title = "GTR-mediated radial import directs accumulation of defensive glucosinolates to sulfur-rich cells (S-cells) in phloem cap of inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis thaliana",

abstract = "In the phloem cap region of Arabidopsis, sulfur-rich cells (S-cells) accumulate >100 mM glucosinolates (GLS), but are biosynthetically inactive. The source and route of S-cell-bound GLS remain elusive. Here we used single-cell sampling and scanning electron microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to show that the GLS importers NPF2.10/GTR1 and NPF2.11/GTR2 are critical for GLS accumulation in S-cells, although not localized to the S-cells. Analysis of S-cell GLS in homo- and heterografts of gtr1 gtr2, and biosynthetic null mutant on wild type indicate that S-cells accumulate GLS via symplasmic connections either directly from neighboring biosynthetic cells or indirectly to non-neighboring cells expressing GTRs. Distinct sources and transport routes exist for different types of GLS, and vary dependent on the position of S-cells in the inflorescence stem. Based on our data, we propose a model for GLS transport routes either directly from biosynthetic cells or via GTR-mediated import from apoplastic space radially into a symplasmic domain wherein the S-cells are the ultimate sink. Similarly, we observed accumulation of the cyanogenic glucoside defense compounds in high-turgor cells in phloem cap of Lotus japonicus, suggesting that storage of defense compounds in high-turgor cells may be a general mechanism for chemical protection of the phloem cap.",

author = "Deyang Xu and Pascal Hunziker and Olga Koroleva and Andreas Blennow and Christoph Crocoll and Alexander Schulz and Nour-Eldin, {Hussam Hassan} and Halkier, {Barbara Ann}",

year = "2019",

doi = "10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.008",

language = "English",

journal = "Molecular Plant",

issn = "1674-2052",

publisher = "Cell Press",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - GTR-mediated radial import directs accumulation of defensive glucosinolates to sulfur-rich cells (S-cells) in phloem cap of inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis thaliana

AU - Xu, Deyang

AU - Hunziker, Pascal

AU - Koroleva, Olga

AU - Blennow, Andreas

AU - Crocoll, Christoph

AU - Schulz, Alexander

AU - Nour-Eldin, Hussam Hassan

AU - Halkier, Barbara Ann

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - In the phloem cap region of Arabidopsis, sulfur-rich cells (S-cells) accumulate >100 mM glucosinolates (GLS), but are biosynthetically inactive. The source and route of S-cell-bound GLS remain elusive. Here we used single-cell sampling and scanning electron microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to show that the GLS importers NPF2.10/GTR1 and NPF2.11/GTR2 are critical for GLS accumulation in S-cells, although not localized to the S-cells. Analysis of S-cell GLS in homo- and heterografts of gtr1 gtr2, and biosynthetic null mutant on wild type indicate that S-cells accumulate GLS via symplasmic connections either directly from neighboring biosynthetic cells or indirectly to non-neighboring cells expressing GTRs. Distinct sources and transport routes exist for different types of GLS, and vary dependent on the position of S-cells in the inflorescence stem. Based on our data, we propose a model for GLS transport routes either directly from biosynthetic cells or via GTR-mediated import from apoplastic space radially into a symplasmic domain wherein the S-cells are the ultimate sink. Similarly, we observed accumulation of the cyanogenic glucoside defense compounds in high-turgor cells in phloem cap of Lotus japonicus, suggesting that storage of defense compounds in high-turgor cells may be a general mechanism for chemical protection of the phloem cap.

AB - In the phloem cap region of Arabidopsis, sulfur-rich cells (S-cells) accumulate >100 mM glucosinolates (GLS), but are biosynthetically inactive. The source and route of S-cell-bound GLS remain elusive. Here we used single-cell sampling and scanning electron microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to show that the GLS importers NPF2.10/GTR1 and NPF2.11/GTR2 are critical for GLS accumulation in S-cells, although not localized to the S-cells. Analysis of S-cell GLS in homo- and heterografts of gtr1 gtr2, and biosynthetic null mutant on wild type indicate that S-cells accumulate GLS via symplasmic connections either directly from neighboring biosynthetic cells or indirectly to non-neighboring cells expressing GTRs. Distinct sources and transport routes exist for different types of GLS, and vary dependent on the position of S-cells in the inflorescence stem. Based on our data, we propose a model for GLS transport routes either directly from biosynthetic cells or via GTR-mediated import from apoplastic space radially into a symplasmic domain wherein the S-cells are the ultimate sink. Similarly, we observed accumulation of the cyanogenic glucoside defense compounds in high-turgor cells in phloem cap of Lotus japonicus, suggesting that storage of defense compounds in high-turgor cells may be a general mechanism for chemical protection of the phloem cap.

UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/gtrmediated-radial-import-directs-accumulation-defensive-glucosinolates-sulfurrich-cells-scells-phlo

U2 - 10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.008

DO - 10.1016/j.molp.2019.06.008

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31260813

SN - 1674-2052

JO - Molecular Plant

JF - Molecular Plant

ER -

GTR-mediated radial import directs accumulation of defensive glucosinolates to sulfur-rich cells (S-cells) in phloem cap of inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis thaliana

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