TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional examination of MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 intronic mutations identified in Danish colorectal cancer patients
AU - Petersen, Sanne M
AU - Dandanell, Mette
AU - Rasmussen, Lene J
AU - Gerdes, Anne-Marie
AU - Krogh, Lotte Nylandsted
AU - Bernstein, Inge
AU - Okkels, Henrik
AU - Wikman, Friedrik
AU - Nielsen, Finn C
AU - Hansen, Thomas V O
PY - 2013/10/3
Y1 - 2013/10/3
N2 - Background: Germ-line mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 predispose to the development of colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer). These mutations include disease-causing frame-shift, nonsense, and splicing mutations as well as large genomic rearrangements. However, a large number of mutations, including missense, silent, and intronic variants, are classified as variants of unknown clinical significance.Methods: Intronic MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 variants were investigated using in silico prediction tools and mini-gene assay to asses the effect on splicing.Results: We describe in silico and in vitro characterization of nine intronic MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 mutations identified in Danish colorectal cancer patients, of which four mutations are novel. The analysis revealed aberrant splicing of five mutations (MLH1 c.588 + 5G > A, MLH1 c.677 + 3A > T, MLH1 c.1732-2A > T, MSH2 c.1276 + 1G > T, and MSH2 c.1662-2A > C), while four mutations had no effect on splicing compared to wild type (MLH1 c.117-34A > T, MLH1 c.1039-8 T > A, MSH2 c.2459-18delT, and MSH6 c.3439-16C > T).Conclusions: In conclusion, we classify five MLH1/MSH2 mutations as pathogenic, whereas four MLH1/MSH2/MSH6 mutations are classified as neutral. This study supports the notion that in silico prediction tools and mini-gene assays are important for the classification of intronic variants, and thereby crucial for the genetic counseling of patients and their family members.
AB - Background: Germ-line mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 predispose to the development of colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer). These mutations include disease-causing frame-shift, nonsense, and splicing mutations as well as large genomic rearrangements. However, a large number of mutations, including missense, silent, and intronic variants, are classified as variants of unknown clinical significance.Methods: Intronic MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 variants were investigated using in silico prediction tools and mini-gene assay to asses the effect on splicing.Results: We describe in silico and in vitro characterization of nine intronic MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 mutations identified in Danish colorectal cancer patients, of which four mutations are novel. The analysis revealed aberrant splicing of five mutations (MLH1 c.588 + 5G > A, MLH1 c.677 + 3A > T, MLH1 c.1732-2A > T, MSH2 c.1276 + 1G > T, and MSH2 c.1662-2A > C), while four mutations had no effect on splicing compared to wild type (MLH1 c.117-34A > T, MLH1 c.1039-8 T > A, MSH2 c.2459-18delT, and MSH6 c.3439-16C > T).Conclusions: In conclusion, we classify five MLH1/MSH2 mutations as pathogenic, whereas four MLH1/MSH2/MSH6 mutations are classified as neutral. This study supports the notion that in silico prediction tools and mini-gene assays are important for the classification of intronic variants, and thereby crucial for the genetic counseling of patients and their family members.
KW - Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
KW - Colorectal Neoplasms
KW - DNA-Binding Proteins
KW - Denmark
KW - European Continental Ancestry Group
KW - Genetic Counseling
KW - Humans
KW - Introns
KW - MutS Homolog 2 Protein
KW - Mutation
KW - Nuclear Proteins
KW - RNA Splice Sites
U2 - 10.1186/1471-2350-14-103
DO - 10.1186/1471-2350-14-103
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 24090359
SN - 1471-2350
VL - 14
SP - 103
JO - BMC Medical Genetics
JF - BMC Medical Genetics
ER -
