Formula induces intestinal apoptosis in preterm pigs within a few hours of feeding

TY - JOUR

T1 - Formula induces intestinal apoptosis in preterm pigs within a few hours of feeding

AU - Oste, Marijke

AU - Haver, Els Van

AU - Thymann, Thomas

AU - Sangild, Per Torp

AU - Weyns, André

AU - Van Ginneken, Christa J.

PY - 2010/5

Y1 - 2010/5

N2 - Background: Nutrition regimens influence postnatal small intestinal development, which shows prominent changes after 6 hours of suckling. Such influences are particularly important in preterm neonates as inappropriate feeding responses may predispose to gastrointestinal disorders such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The authors investigated the early morphological responses to enteral feeding, prior to the time period when a large proportion of preterm pigs normally develop clinical NEC symptoms. Methods: Preterm piglets (106-107 days of gestation) were fed parenteral nutrition (PN) for 2 days with or without a subsequent 8-hour or 17-hour period of enteral nutrition (EN) with sowgs colostrum or formula. Another group of piglets was delivered at 108-109 days of gestation and used for comparison to PN pigs before enteral feeding. Stereological measurements of the mucosal surface density and the volume densities of the tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, proliferative, and apoptotic cells were made and related to microscopical NEC-lesion score. In addition, villus length and crypt depth were measured. Results: PN-fed piglets showed minimal PN-induced mucosal atrophy, although their crypts were deeper, together with lower cell proliferation and higher apoptotic indices, than newborn (NB) unfed piglets. After PN, enteral feeding with colostrum, for just 8 hours, induced a rapid increase in the mucosal volume density while formula feeding was associated with an elevated number of both proliferating and apoptotic cells and a higher NEC lesion score than PN- or colostrum-fed pigs. Conclusion: Enteral feeding of formula, for only a few hours, induces rapid enterocyte turnover and mucosal structural changes that may predispose to later development of NEC.

AB - Background: Nutrition regimens influence postnatal small intestinal development, which shows prominent changes after 6 hours of suckling. Such influences are particularly important in preterm neonates as inappropriate feeding responses may predispose to gastrointestinal disorders such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The authors investigated the early morphological responses to enteral feeding, prior to the time period when a large proportion of preterm pigs normally develop clinical NEC symptoms. Methods: Preterm piglets (106-107 days of gestation) were fed parenteral nutrition (PN) for 2 days with or without a subsequent 8-hour or 17-hour period of enteral nutrition (EN) with sowgs colostrum or formula. Another group of piglets was delivered at 108-109 days of gestation and used for comparison to PN pigs before enteral feeding. Stereological measurements of the mucosal surface density and the volume densities of the tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, proliferative, and apoptotic cells were made and related to microscopical NEC-lesion score. In addition, villus length and crypt depth were measured. Results: PN-fed piglets showed minimal PN-induced mucosal atrophy, although their crypts were deeper, together with lower cell proliferation and higher apoptotic indices, than newborn (NB) unfed piglets. After PN, enteral feeding with colostrum, for just 8 hours, induced a rapid increase in the mucosal volume density while formula feeding was associated with an elevated number of both proliferating and apoptotic cells and a higher NEC lesion score than PN- or colostrum-fed pigs. Conclusion: Enteral feeding of formula, for only a few hours, induces rapid enterocyte turnover and mucosal structural changes that may predispose to later development of NEC.

U2 - 10.1177/0148607109337540

DO - 10.1177/0148607109337540

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0148-6071

VL - 34

SP - 271

EP - 279

JO - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

JF - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

IS - 3

ER -