Flow-mediated vasodilation measurements in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with increasing severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease

TY - JOUR

T1 - Flow-mediated vasodilation measurements in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with increasing severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease

AU - Moesgaard, Sophia Gry

AU - Løwert, Charlotte Klostergaard

AU - Zois, Nora Elisabeth

AU - Teerlink, T.

AU - Molin, M.

AU - Falk, Bo Torkel

AU - Rasmussen, Caroline Elisabeth

AU - Fuentes, V. Luis

AU - Jones, I.D.

AU - Olsen, Lisbeth Høier

N1 - Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

PY - 2012/1

Y1 - 2012/1

N2 - Background: Cardiovascular disease is associated with endothelial dysfunction in humans and studies of plasma biomarkers suggest that dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) might also have endothelial dysfunction. Hypothesis: That progression of mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with development of endothelial dysfunction. Animals: Forty-three Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with MR of varying severity. Methods: Privately owned CKCS were prospectively recruited and divided in 4 groups: (1) 12 CKCS with minimal MR; (2) 9 CKCS with mild MR; (3) 11 CKCS with moderate-severe MR; and (4) 11 CKCS with moderate-severe MR and clinical signs compatible with heart failure. Dogs underwent blood sampling, echocardiography, blood pressure (BP) recordings, and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) measurements. The effect of progressive MR on FMD was determined by multivariate analyses. Results: Flow-mediated vasodilation decreased with progression of MR. Group 4 (4.79 ± 3.22%) had significantly lower FMD than groups 1 (10.40 ± 4.58%) and 2 (10.14 ± 3.67%) (P < .005) and group 3 (6.79 ± 3.98%) had a significantly lower FMD than group 1 (P = .03). Increasing left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (P = .0004, R 2 = 0.27) and the combination of age (P = .01) and body weight (P = .002) (R 2 = 0.31) were significantly associated with reduced FMD. FMD did not correlate with sex, BP, or plasma markers. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Reduced FMD indicates that increased disease severity in CKCS with MMVD is associated with development of endothelial dysfunction which might be a future therapeutic and/or diagnostic target.

AB - Background: Cardiovascular disease is associated with endothelial dysfunction in humans and studies of plasma biomarkers suggest that dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) might also have endothelial dysfunction. Hypothesis: That progression of mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with development of endothelial dysfunction. Animals: Forty-three Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with MR of varying severity. Methods: Privately owned CKCS were prospectively recruited and divided in 4 groups: (1) 12 CKCS with minimal MR; (2) 9 CKCS with mild MR; (3) 11 CKCS with moderate-severe MR; and (4) 11 CKCS with moderate-severe MR and clinical signs compatible with heart failure. Dogs underwent blood sampling, echocardiography, blood pressure (BP) recordings, and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) measurements. The effect of progressive MR on FMD was determined by multivariate analyses. Results: Flow-mediated vasodilation decreased with progression of MR. Group 4 (4.79 ± 3.22%) had significantly lower FMD than groups 1 (10.40 ± 4.58%) and 2 (10.14 ± 3.67%) (P < .005) and group 3 (6.79 ± 3.98%) had a significantly lower FMD than group 1 (P = .03). Increasing left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (P = .0004, R 2 = 0.27) and the combination of age (P = .01) and body weight (P = .002) (R 2 = 0.31) were significantly associated with reduced FMD. FMD did not correlate with sex, BP, or plasma markers. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Reduced FMD indicates that increased disease severity in CKCS with MMVD is associated with development of endothelial dysfunction which might be a future therapeutic and/or diagnostic target.

KW - Animals

KW - Arginine

KW - Blood Pressure

KW - Dog Diseases

KW - Dogs

KW - Echocardiography

KW - Endothelium, Vascular

KW - Female

KW - Male

KW - Mitral Valve Insufficiency

KW - Vasodilation

KW - Asymmetric dimethylarginine

KW - Dog

KW - Endothelial dysfunction

U2 - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00846.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00846.x

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 22151409

SN - 0891-6640

VL - 26

SP - 61

EP - 68

JO - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

JF - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

IS - 1

ER -