@article{f12f3360a0da11dd86a6000ea68e967b,
title = "Leishmania resistant to sodium stibogluconate: drug-associated macrophage-dependent killing",
abstract = "A total of 17 Leishmania isolates, 6 of them isolated from antimony-resistant patients, were collected in the Sudan and tested for their sensitivity to sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) as promastigotes. Six of those isolates were tested as amastigotes infecting a murine macrophage cell line. The results indicated that the conventional promastigote screening assay did not correlate with the clinical picture, whereas the amastigote/macrophage system produced results that pertained to the in vivo responses to the drug. A laboratory-generated resistant strain of L. major was adapted to grow at a high concentration of Pentostam (1000 micrograms/ml) as promastigotes but was quite sensitive to the drug at much lower concentrations in the amastigote/(macrophage system (20 micrograms/ml), thus suggesting that Pentostam's inhibitory action is mediated through the macrophage rather than through a direct toxic effect exerted on the parasite.",
author = "Ibrahim, {M E} and M Hag-Ali and el-Hassan, {A M} and Theander, {T G} and A Kharazmi",
note = "Keywords: Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Cell Line; Drug Resistance; Humans; Leishmania donovani; Leishmania major; Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Macrophages; Mice; Sudan",
year = "1994",
language = "English",
volume = "80",
pages = "569--74",
journal = "Parasitology Research",
issn = "0932-0113",
publisher = "Springer",
number = "7",
}