TY - JOUR
T1 - Dissociation and reduction of covalent β-lactoglobulin-quinone adducts by dithiothreitol, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, or sodium sulfite
AU - Jongberg, Sisse
AU - Lametsch, Marianne Lund
AU - Otte, Jeanette
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - Covalent protein-phenol adducts, generated by reaction of protein nucleophiles with quinones, have recently attracted increased attention because the interactions change the functionality and physicochemical properties of proteins in biological and food systems. The formation of such covalent adducts between β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and the quinone of 4-methylcatechol, 4-methylbenzoquinone (4MBQ), and subsequent reduction by dithiothreitol (DTT), tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), or sodium sulfite was investigated by mass spectrometry. The results showed that 19.0 ± 8.8% of β-LG reacted with 4MBQ when present in equimolar ratio at 20 °C (pH 8.0) to yield the protein-phenol adduct (β-LG-Q). Following treatment with sulfite, DTT, or TCEP, 75, 68, or 36%, respectively, of the formed β-LG-Q adduct dissociated. Different reaction mechanisms were proposed for the reduction of β-LG and β-LG-Q by each of the reducing agents. These results show that on reductive sample preparation for analysis of protein samples, not only are protein polymers formed through oxidative disulfide bonds reduced into the individual protein constituents but also a large part of any protein-phenol adducts present will dissociate and, thus, give a false picture of the level of protein-protein interactions that have occurred in the sample.
AB - Covalent protein-phenol adducts, generated by reaction of protein nucleophiles with quinones, have recently attracted increased attention because the interactions change the functionality and physicochemical properties of proteins in biological and food systems. The formation of such covalent adducts between β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and the quinone of 4-methylcatechol, 4-methylbenzoquinone (4MBQ), and subsequent reduction by dithiothreitol (DTT), tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), or sodium sulfite was investigated by mass spectrometry. The results showed that 19.0 ± 8.8% of β-LG reacted with 4MBQ when present in equimolar ratio at 20 °C (pH 8.0) to yield the protein-phenol adduct (β-LG-Q). Following treatment with sulfite, DTT, or TCEP, 75, 68, or 36%, respectively, of the formed β-LG-Q adduct dissociated. Different reaction mechanisms were proposed for the reduction of β-LG and β-LG-Q by each of the reducing agents. These results show that on reductive sample preparation for analysis of protein samples, not only are protein polymers formed through oxidative disulfide bonds reduced into the individual protein constituents but also a large part of any protein-phenol adducts present will dissociate and, thus, give a false picture of the level of protein-protein interactions that have occurred in the sample.
U2 - 10.1016/j.ab.2015.02.008
DO - 10.1016/j.ab.2015.02.008
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0003-2697
VL - 478
SP - 40
EP - 48
JO - Analytical Biochemistry
JF - Analytical Biochemistry
ER -