CRISPR/Cas and CRISPR/Cmr immune systems of archaea

TY - CHAP

T1 - CRISPR/Cas and CRISPR/Cmr immune systems of archaea

AU - Shah, Shiraz Ali

AU - Vestergaard, Gisle Alberg

AU - Garrett, Roger Antony

PY - 2012/1/1

Y1 - 2012/1/1

N2 - The CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Genes) and CRISPR/Cmr systems (Cmr: Cas module-RAMP (Repeat-Associated Mysterious Proteins)) provide the basis for adaptive and hereditable immune responses directed against the DNA and RNA, respectively, of invading elements. The former consists of CRISPR loci physically linked to a cassette of cas genes which together appear to constitute integral genetic modules. cmr genes, clustered in Cmr modules, are sometimes physically linked to CRISPR/Cas modules. The CRISPR/Cas immune system occurs in almost all archaea and about 40 % of bacteria. Cmr modules are less common, occurring in only about one third of genomes carrying CRISPR/Cas modules. An outline of how the CRISPR/Cas and CRISPR/Cmr systems function is indicated in Figure 1 where the former targets DNA and the latter RNA (mRNA and/or viral RNA) of the genetic elements.

AB - The CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Genes) and CRISPR/Cmr systems (Cmr: Cas module-RAMP (Repeat-Associated Mysterious Proteins)) provide the basis for adaptive and hereditable immune responses directed against the DNA and RNA, respectively, of invading elements. The former consists of CRISPR loci physically linked to a cassette of cas genes which together appear to constitute integral genetic modules. cmr genes, clustered in Cmr modules, are sometimes physically linked to CRISPR/Cas modules. The CRISPR/Cas immune system occurs in almost all archaea and about 40 % of bacteria. Cmr modules are less common, occurring in only about one third of genomes carrying CRISPR/Cas modules. An outline of how the CRISPR/Cas and CRISPR/Cmr systems function is indicated in Figure 1 where the former targets DNA and the latter RNA (mRNA and/or viral RNA) of the genetic elements.

U2 - 10.1007/978-3-7091-0218-3_9

DO - 10.1007/978-3-7091-0218-3_9

M3 - Book chapter

SN - 978-3-7091-0217-6

SP - 163

EP - 181

BT - Regulatory RNAs in prokaryotes

PB - Springer

ER -