Consolation in the aftermath of robberies resembles post-aggression consolation in chimpanzees

Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard; Lasse Suonperä Liebst; Wim Bernasco; Marie Bruvik Heinskou; Philpot Richard; Mark Levine; Peter Verbeek

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177725

Consolation in the aftermath of robberies resembles post-aggression consolation in chimpanzees

Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard, Lasse Suonperä Liebst, Wim Bernasco, Marie Bruvik Heinskou, Philpot Richard, Mark Levine, Peter Verbeek

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Abstract

Post-aggression consolation is assumed to occur in humans as well as in chimpanzees. While consolation following peer aggression has been observed in children, systematic evidence of consolation in human adults is rare. We used surveillance camera footage of the immediate aftermath of nonfatal robberies to observe the behaviors and characteristics of victims and bystanders. Consistent with empathy explanations, we found that consolation was linked to social closeness rather than physical closeness. While females were more likely to console than males, males and females were equally likely to be consoled. Furthermore, we show that high levels of threat during the robbery increased the likelihood of receiving consolation afterwards. These patterns resemble post-aggression consolation in chimpanzees and suggest that emotions of empathic concern are involved in consolation across humans and chimpanzees.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	P L o S One
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177725
Status	Udgivet - maj 2017

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10.1371/journal.pone.0177725

Consolation in the aftermath of robberies

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T1 - Consolation in the aftermath of robberies resembles post-aggression consolation in chimpanzees

AU - Lindegaard, Marie Rosenkrantz

AU - Liebst, Lasse Suonperä

AU - Bernasco, Wim

AU - Heinskou, Marie Bruvik

AU - Richard, Philpot

AU - Levine, Mark

AU - Verbeek, Peter

PY - 2017/5

Y1 - 2017/5

N2 - Post-aggression consolation is assumed to occur in humans as well as in chimpanzees. While consolation following peer aggression has been observed in children, systematic evidence of consolation in human adults is rare. We used surveillance camera footage of the immediate aftermath of nonfatal robberies to observe the behaviors and characteristics of victims and bystanders. Consistent with empathy explanations, we found that consolation was linked to social closeness rather than physical closeness. While females were more likely to console than males, males and females were equally likely to be consoled. Furthermore, we show that high levels of threat during the robbery increased the likelihood of receiving consolation afterwards. These patterns resemble post-aggression consolation in chimpanzees and suggest that emotions of empathic concern are involved in consolation across humans and chimpanzees.

AB - Post-aggression consolation is assumed to occur in humans as well as in chimpanzees. While consolation following peer aggression has been observed in children, systematic evidence of consolation in human adults is rare. We used surveillance camera footage of the immediate aftermath of nonfatal robberies to observe the behaviors and characteristics of victims and bystanders. Consistent with empathy explanations, we found that consolation was linked to social closeness rather than physical closeness. While females were more likely to console than males, males and females were equally likely to be consoled. Furthermore, we show that high levels of threat during the robbery increased the likelihood of receiving consolation afterwards. These patterns resemble post-aggression consolation in chimpanzees and suggest that emotions of empathic concern are involved in consolation across humans and chimpanzees.

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0177725

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0177725

M3 - Journal article

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SN - 1932-6203

JO - P L o S One

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Consolation in the aftermath of robberies resembles post-aggression consolation in chimpanzees

Abstract

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