TY - JOUR
T1 - Combination of electromembrane extraction and liquid-phase microextraction in a single step: Simultaneous group separation of acidic and basic drugs
AU - Huang, Chuixiu
AU - Seip, Knut Fredrik
AU - Gjelstad, Astrid
AU - Shen, Xiantao
AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig
PY - 2015/7/7
Y1 - 2015/7/7
N2 - Electromembrane extraction (EME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) were combined in a single step for the first time to realize simultaneous and clear group separation of basic and acidic drugs. Using 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as the supported liquid membrane (SLM) for EME and dihexyl ether as the SLM for LPME, basic and acidic drugs were extracted and separated simultaneously from a low pH sample by EME and LPME, respectively. After 15 min of extraction, basic drugs (citalopram and sertraline) were exhaustively extracted, whereas the recoveries for acidic drugs (ketoprofen and ibuprofen) were in the range of 76%-86%. Longer extraction time provided higher recoveries for the acidic drugs, but this somewhat deteriorated the group separation. Matrices effects from the coexisting acidic drugs/basic drugs were tested, and we observed that simultaneous EME/LPME was not affected by coexisting drugs at high concentration. This approach was further investigated from human plasma. Extraction recoveries were strongly dependent on dilution of plasma with buffer and on extraction time. Finally, this simultaneous EME/LPME approach was evaluated in combination with liquid chromatography (LC)-MS. The linearity ranges for the basic and acidic drugs were 10-600 ng/mL and 1-60 μg/mL, respectively, with R2 > 0.997 for all analytes. The repeatability at three different levels for all analytes was less than 15%. The limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) were found to be 4.0-6.3 ng/mL and 0.6-0.9 μg/mL for basic and acidic drugs, respectively. Simultaneous EME/LPME enabled efficient group separation of basic and acidic analytes under optimum experimental conditions for both EME and LPME. (Chemical Equation Presented).
AB - Electromembrane extraction (EME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) were combined in a single step for the first time to realize simultaneous and clear group separation of basic and acidic drugs. Using 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as the supported liquid membrane (SLM) for EME and dihexyl ether as the SLM for LPME, basic and acidic drugs were extracted and separated simultaneously from a low pH sample by EME and LPME, respectively. After 15 min of extraction, basic drugs (citalopram and sertraline) were exhaustively extracted, whereas the recoveries for acidic drugs (ketoprofen and ibuprofen) were in the range of 76%-86%. Longer extraction time provided higher recoveries for the acidic drugs, but this somewhat deteriorated the group separation. Matrices effects from the coexisting acidic drugs/basic drugs were tested, and we observed that simultaneous EME/LPME was not affected by coexisting drugs at high concentration. This approach was further investigated from human plasma. Extraction recoveries were strongly dependent on dilution of plasma with buffer and on extraction time. Finally, this simultaneous EME/LPME approach was evaluated in combination with liquid chromatography (LC)-MS. The linearity ranges for the basic and acidic drugs were 10-600 ng/mL and 1-60 μg/mL, respectively, with R2 > 0.997 for all analytes. The repeatability at three different levels for all analytes was less than 15%. The limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) were found to be 4.0-6.3 ng/mL and 0.6-0.9 μg/mL for basic and acidic drugs, respectively. Simultaneous EME/LPME enabled efficient group separation of basic and acidic analytes under optimum experimental conditions for both EME and LPME. (Chemical Equation Presented).
U2 - 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01610
DO - 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01610
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0003-2700
VL - 87
SP - 6951
EP - 6957
JO - Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition
JF - Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition
IS - 13
ER -