| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences |
| Editors | Jay A. Siegel, Pekka J. Saukko |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publication date | 2013 |
| Edition | 2 |
| Pages | 257–263 |
| ISBN (Print) | 978-0-12-382166-9 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2013 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Abstract
Autosomal markers are the main source of information in the majority of the casework presented in forensics. However, situations arise where it is necessary to use other kinds of genetic markers. Forensic laboratories have already started to use the information provided by lineage markers (mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid and Y-chromosome) and are now focusing their attention on the X-chromosome.Owing to the unique transmission properties, the markers located in nonrecombinant regions of the sexual chromosomes are an important tool in the fields of forensic and population genetics.The presence of only one X-chromosome in males that does not suffer recombination during meiosis and that is transmitted to all female descendants as a haplotype has proven to be of great importance in some complex cases of kinship testing, where the information provided by autosomal markers alone is not sufficient.This article briefly introduces the X-chromosome as an important tool in forensic and population genetic studies. Special focus is given to the different types of markers currently in use, their characteristics and application, mainly in kinship investigations.