Whole-grain intake, reflected by dietary records and biomarkers, is inversely associated with circulating insulin and other cardiometabolic markers in 8- to 11-year-old children

TY - JOUR

T1 - Whole-grain intake, reflected by dietary records and biomarkers, is inversely associated with circulating insulin and other cardiometabolic markers in 8- to 11-year-old children

AU - Damsgaard, Camilla Trab

AU - Biltoft-Jensen, Anja

AU - Tetens, Inge

AU - Michaelsen, Kim F.

AU - Lind, Mads Vendelbo

AU - Astrup, Arne

AU - Landberg, Rikard

N1 - CURIS 2017 NEXS 101

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - Background: Whole-grain consumption seems to be cardioprotective in adults, but evidence in children is limited. Objective: We investigated whether intakes of total whole grain and dietary fiber as well as specific whole grains were associated with fat mass and cardiometabolic risk profile in children. Methods: We collected cross-sectional data on parental education, puberty, diet by 7-d records, and physical activity by accelerometry and measured anthropometry, fat mass index by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood pressure in 713 Danish children aged 8-11 y. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, insulin, and glucose. Linear mixed models included puberty, parental education, physical activity, and intakes of energy, fruit and vegetables, saturated fat, and n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results: Median (IQR) whole-grain and dietary fiber intakes were 52 g/d (35-72 g/d) and 17 g/d (14-22 g/d), respectively. Fourteen percent of children were overweight or obese andmost had low-risk cardiometabolic profiles. Dietary whole-grain and fiber intakeswere not associated with fatmass index but were inversely associated with seruminsulin [both P < 0.01; e.g.,with 0.68 pmol/L (95%CI: 0.26, 1.10 pmol/L) lower insulin ·gwhole grain-1 · MJ-1].Whole-grain oat intake was inversely associated with fatmass index, systolic blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol (all P < 0.05) as well as insulin (P = 0.003),which also tended to be inversely associated with whole-grain rye intake (P = 0.11). Adjustment for fat mass index did not change the associations. The C17-to-C21 alkylresorcinol ratio, reflecting whole-grain rye to wheat intake,was inversely associatedwith insulin (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Higher whole-grain intakewas associated with lower seruminsulin independently of fat mass in 8- to 11-y-old Danish children.Whole-grain oat intake was linked to an overall protective cardiometabolic profile, and whole-grain rye intake was marginally associated with lower serum insulin. This supportswhole grains as healthy dietary components in childhood.

AB - Background: Whole-grain consumption seems to be cardioprotective in adults, but evidence in children is limited. Objective: We investigated whether intakes of total whole grain and dietary fiber as well as specific whole grains were associated with fat mass and cardiometabolic risk profile in children. Methods: We collected cross-sectional data on parental education, puberty, diet by 7-d records, and physical activity by accelerometry and measured anthropometry, fat mass index by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood pressure in 713 Danish children aged 8-11 y. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerols, insulin, and glucose. Linear mixed models included puberty, parental education, physical activity, and intakes of energy, fruit and vegetables, saturated fat, and n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results: Median (IQR) whole-grain and dietary fiber intakes were 52 g/d (35-72 g/d) and 17 g/d (14-22 g/d), respectively. Fourteen percent of children were overweight or obese andmost had low-risk cardiometabolic profiles. Dietary whole-grain and fiber intakeswere not associated with fatmass index but were inversely associated with seruminsulin [both P < 0.01; e.g.,with 0.68 pmol/L (95%CI: 0.26, 1.10 pmol/L) lower insulin ·gwhole grain-1 · MJ-1].Whole-grain oat intake was inversely associated with fatmass index, systolic blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol (all P < 0.05) as well as insulin (P = 0.003),which also tended to be inversely associated with whole-grain rye intake (P = 0.11). Adjustment for fat mass index did not change the associations. The C17-to-C21 alkylresorcinol ratio, reflecting whole-grain rye to wheat intake,was inversely associatedwith insulin (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Higher whole-grain intakewas associated with lower seruminsulin independently of fat mass in 8- to 11-y-old Danish children.Whole-grain oat intake was linked to an overall protective cardiometabolic profile, and whole-grain rye intake was marginally associated with lower serum insulin. This supportswhole grains as healthy dietary components in childhood.

KW - Alkylresorcinols

KW - Fiber

KW - Cardiovascular

KW - Metabolic syndrome

KW - Obesity

KW - Children

U2 - 10.3945/jn.116.244624

DO - 10.3945/jn.116.244624

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28356426

SN - 0022-3166

VL - 147

SP - 816

EP - 824

JO - Journal of Nutrition

JF - Journal of Nutrition

IS - 5

ER -