Water in star-forming regions with the Herschel Space Observatory (WISH). I. Overview of key program and first results

E. F. van Dishoeck; L. E. Kristensen; A. O. Benz; E. A. Bergin; P. Caselli; J. Cernicharo; F. Herpin; M. R. Hogerheijde; D. Johnstone; R. Liseau; B. Nisini; R. Shipman; M. Tafalla; F. van der Tak; F. Wyrowski; Y. Aikawa; R. Bachiller; A. Baudry; M. Benedettini; P. Bjerkeli; G. A. Blake; S. Bontemps; J. Braine; Christian Brinch; S. Bruderer; L. Chavarría; C. Codella; F. Daniel; T. de Graauw; E. Deul; A. M. di Giorgio; C. Dominik; S. D. Doty; M. L. Dubernet; P. Encrenaz; H. Feuchtgruber; M. Fich; W. Frieswijk; A. Fuente; T. Giannini; J. R. Goicoechea; F. P. Helmich; G. J. Herczeg; T. Jacq; Jes Kristian Jørgensen; A. Karska; M. J. Kaufman; E. Keto; B. Larsson; B. Lefloch; D. Lis; M. Marseille; C. McCoey; G. Melnick; D. Neufeld; M. Olberg; L. Pagani; O. Pani; B. Parise; J. C. Pearson; R. Plume; C. Risacher; D. Salter; J. Santiago-García; P. Saraceno; P. Stäuber; T. A. van Kempen; R. Visser; S. Viti; M. Walmsley; S. F. Wampfler; U. A. Yildiz

doi:10.1086/658676

Water in star-forming regions with the Herschel Space Observatory (WISH). I. Overview of key program and first results

E. F. van Dishoeck, L. E. Kristensen, A. O. Benz, E. A. Bergin, P. Caselli, J. Cernicharo, F. Herpin, M. R. Hogerheijde, D. Johnstone, R. Liseau, B. Nisini, R. Shipman, M. Tafalla, F. van der Tak, F. Wyrowski, Y. Aikawa, R. Bachiller, A. Baudry, M. Benedettini, P. BjerkeliG. A. Blake, S. Bontemps, J. Braine, Christian Brinch, S. Bruderer, L. Chavarría, C. Codella, F. Daniel, T. de Graauw, E. Deul, A. M. di Giorgio, C. Dominik, S. D. Doty, M. L. Dubernet, P. Encrenaz, H. Feuchtgruber, M. Fich, W. Frieswijk, A. Fuente, T. Giannini, J. R. Goicoechea, F. P. Helmich, G. J. Herczeg, T. Jacq, Jes Kristian Jørgensen, A. Karska, M. J. Kaufman, E. Keto, B. Larsson, B. Lefloch, D. Lis, M. Marseille, C. McCoey, G. Melnick, D. Neufeld, M. Olberg, L. Pagani, O. Pani, B. Parise, J. C. Pearson, R. Plume, C. Risacher, D. Salter, J. Santiago-García, P. Saraceno, P. Stäuber, T. A. van Kempen, R. Visser, S. Viti, M. Walmsley, S. F. Wampfler, U. A. Yildiz

182 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) is a key program on the Herschel Space Observatory designed to probe the physical and chemical structures of young stellar objects using water and related molecules and to follow the water abundance from collapsing clouds to planet-forming disks. About 80 sources are targeted, covering a wide range of luminosities-from low (<1 L⊙) to high (>105 L⊙)-and a wide range of evolutionary stages-from cold prestellar cores to warm protostellar envelopes and outflows to disks around young stars. Both the HIFI and PACS instruments are used to observe a variety of lines of H₂O, H₂ ¹⁸O and chemically related species at the source position and in small maps around the protostars and selected outflow positions. In addition, high-frequency lines of CO, ¹³CO, and C¹⁸O are obtained with Herschel and are complemented by ground-based observations of dust continuum, HDO, CO and its isotopologs, and other molecules to ensure a self-consistent data set for analysis. An overview of the scientific motivation and observational strategy of the program is given, together with the modeling approach and analysis tools that have been developed. Initial science results are presented. These include a lack of water in cold gas at abundances that are lower than most predictions, strong water emission from shocks in protostellar environments, the importance of UV radiation in heating the gas along outflow walls across the full range of luminosities, and surprisingly widespread detection of the chemically related hydrides OH⁺ and H₂O⁺ in outflows and foreground gas. Quantitative estimates of the energy budget indicate that H ₂O is generally not the dominant coolant in the warm dense gas associated with protostars. Very deep limits on the cold gaseous water reservoir in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks are obtained that have profound implications for our understanding of grain growth and mixing in disks.

Original language	English
Journal	Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Volume	123
Issue number	900
Pages (from-to)	138-170
Number of pages	33
ISSN	0004-6280
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1086/658676
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2011

Keywords

ISM

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van Dishoeck, E. F., Kristensen, L. E., Benz, A. O., Bergin, E. A., Caselli, P., Cernicharo, J., Herpin, F., Hogerheijde, M. R., Johnstone, D., Liseau, R., Nisini, B., Shipman, R., Tafalla, M., van der Tak, F., Wyrowski, F., Aikawa, Y., Bachiller, R., Baudry, A., Benedettini, M., ... Yildiz, U. A. (2011). Water in star-forming regions with the Herschel Space Observatory (WISH). I. Overview of key program and first results. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 123(900), 138-170. https://doi.org/10.1086/658676

Water in star-forming regions with the Herschel Space Observatory (WISH). I. Overview of key program and first results. / van Dishoeck, E. F.; Kristensen, L. E.; Benz, A. O. et al.

In: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 123, No. 900, 01.02.2011, p. 138-170.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

van Dishoeck, EF, Kristensen, LE, Benz, AO, Bergin, EA, Caselli, P, Cernicharo, J, Herpin, F, Hogerheijde, MR, Johnstone, D, Liseau, R, Nisini, B, Shipman, R, Tafalla, M, van der Tak, F, Wyrowski, F, Aikawa, Y, Bachiller, R, Baudry, A, Benedettini, M, Bjerkeli, P, Blake, GA, Bontemps, S, Braine, J, Brinch, C, Bruderer, S, Chavarría, L, Codella, C, Daniel, F, de Graauw, T, Deul, E, di Giorgio, AM, Dominik, C, Doty, SD, Dubernet, ML, Encrenaz, P, Feuchtgruber, H, Fich, M, Frieswijk, W, Fuente, A, Giannini, T, Goicoechea, JR, Helmich, FP, Herczeg, GJ, Jacq, T, Jørgensen, JK, Karska, A, Kaufman, MJ, Keto, E, Larsson, B, Lefloch, B, Lis, D, Marseille, M, McCoey, C, Melnick, G, Neufeld, D, Olberg, M, Pagani, L, Pani, O, Parise, B, Pearson, JC, Plume, R, Risacher, C, Salter, D, Santiago-García, J, Saraceno, P, Stäuber, P, van Kempen, TA, Visser, R, Viti, S, Walmsley, M, Wampfler, SF & Yildiz, UA 2011, 'Water in star-forming regions with the Herschel Space Observatory (WISH). I. Overview of key program and first results', Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, vol. 123, no. 900, pp. 138-170. https://doi.org/10.1086/658676

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title = "Water in star-forming regions with the Herschel Space Observatory (WISH). I. Overview of key program and first results",

abstract = "Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) is a key program on the Herschel Space Observatory designed to probe the physical and chemical structures of young stellar objects using water and related molecules and to follow the water abundance from collapsing clouds to planet-forming disks. About 80 sources are targeted, covering a wide range of luminosities-from low (<1 L⊙) to high (>105 L⊙)-and a wide range of evolutionary stages-from cold prestellar cores to warm protostellar envelopes and outflows to disks around young stars. Both the HIFI and PACS instruments are used to observe a variety of lines of H2O, H2 18O and chemically related species at the source position and in small maps around the protostars and selected outflow positions. In addition, high-frequency lines of CO, 13CO, and C18O are obtained with Herschel and are complemented by ground-based observations of dust continuum, HDO, CO and its isotopologs, and other molecules to ensure a self-consistent data set for analysis. An overview of the scientific motivation and observational strategy of the program is given, together with the modeling approach and analysis tools that have been developed. Initial science results are presented. These include a lack of water in cold gas at abundances that are lower than most predictions, strong water emission from shocks in protostellar environments, the importance of UV radiation in heating the gas along outflow walls across the full range of luminosities, and surprisingly widespread detection of the chemically related hydrides OH+ and H2O+ in outflows and foreground gas. Quantitative estimates of the energy budget indicate that H 2O is generally not the dominant coolant in the warm dense gas associated with protostars. Very deep limits on the cold gaseous water reservoir in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks are obtained that have profound implications for our understanding of grain growth and mixing in disks.",

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author = "{van Dishoeck}, {E. F.} and Kristensen, {L. E.} and Benz, {A. O.} and Bergin, {E. A.} and P. Caselli and J. Cernicharo and F. Herpin and Hogerheijde, {M. R.} and D. Johnstone and R. Liseau and B. Nisini and R. Shipman and M. Tafalla and {van der Tak}, F. and F. Wyrowski and Y. Aikawa and R. Bachiller and A. Baudry and M. Benedettini and P. Bjerkeli and Blake, {G. A.} and S. Bontemps and J. Braine and Christian Brinch and S. Bruderer and L. Chavarr{\'i}a and C. Codella and F. Daniel and {de Graauw}, T. and E. Deul and {di Giorgio}, {A. M.} and C. Dominik and Doty, {S. D.} and Dubernet, {M. L.} and P. Encrenaz and H. Feuchtgruber and M. Fich and W. Frieswijk and A. Fuente and T. Giannini and Goicoechea, {J. R.} and Helmich, {F. P.} and Herczeg, {G. J.} and T. Jacq and J{\o}rgensen, {Jes Kristian} and A. Karska and Kaufman, {M. J.} and E. Keto and B. Larsson and B. Lefloch and D. Lis and M. Marseille and C. McCoey and G. Melnick and D. Neufeld and M. Olberg and L. Pagani and O. Pani and B. Parise and Pearson, {J. C.} and R. Plume and C. Risacher and D. Salter and J. Santiago-Garc{\'i}a and P. Saraceno and P. St{\"a}uber and {van Kempen}, {T. A.} and R. Visser and S. Viti and M. Walmsley and Wampfler, {S. F.} and Yildiz, {U. A.}",

year = "2011",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1086/658676",

language = "English",

volume = "123",

pages = "138--170",

journal = "Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific",

issn = "0004-6280",

publisher = "University of Chicago Press",

number = "900",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Water in star-forming regions with the Herschel Space Observatory (WISH). I. Overview of key program and first results

AU - van Dishoeck, E. F.

AU - Kristensen, L. E.

AU - Benz, A. O.

AU - Bergin, E. A.

AU - Caselli, P.

AU - Cernicharo, J.

AU - Herpin, F.

AU - Hogerheijde, M. R.

AU - Johnstone, D.

AU - Liseau, R.

AU - Nisini, B.

AU - Shipman, R.

AU - Tafalla, M.

AU - van der Tak, F.

AU - Wyrowski, F.

AU - Aikawa, Y.

AU - Bachiller, R.

AU - Baudry, A.

AU - Benedettini, M.

AU - Bjerkeli, P.

AU - Blake, G. A.

AU - Bontemps, S.

AU - Braine, J.

AU - Brinch, Christian

AU - Bruderer, S.

AU - Chavarría, L.

AU - Codella, C.

AU - Daniel, F.

AU - de Graauw, T.

AU - Deul, E.

AU - di Giorgio, A. M.

AU - Dominik, C.

AU - Doty, S. D.

AU - Dubernet, M. L.

AU - Encrenaz, P.

AU - Feuchtgruber, H.

AU - Fich, M.

AU - Frieswijk, W.

AU - Fuente, A.

AU - Giannini, T.

AU - Goicoechea, J. R.

AU - Helmich, F. P.

AU - Herczeg, G. J.

AU - Jacq, T.

AU - Jørgensen, Jes Kristian

AU - Karska, A.

AU - Kaufman, M. J.

AU - Keto, E.

AU - Larsson, B.

AU - Lefloch, B.

AU - Lis, D.

AU - Marseille, M.

AU - McCoey, C.

AU - Melnick, G.

AU - Neufeld, D.

AU - Olberg, M.

AU - Pagani, L.

AU - Pani, O.

AU - Parise, B.

AU - Pearson, J. C.

AU - Plume, R.

AU - Risacher, C.

AU - Salter, D.

AU - Santiago-García, J.

AU - Saraceno, P.

AU - Stäuber, P.

AU - van Kempen, T. A.

AU - Visser, R.

AU - Viti, S.

AU - Walmsley, M.

AU - Wampfler, S. F.

AU - Yildiz, U. A.

PY - 2011/2/1

Y1 - 2011/2/1

N2 - Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) is a key program on the Herschel Space Observatory designed to probe the physical and chemical structures of young stellar objects using water and related molecules and to follow the water abundance from collapsing clouds to planet-forming disks. About 80 sources are targeted, covering a wide range of luminosities-from low (<1 L⊙) to high (>105 L⊙)-and a wide range of evolutionary stages-from cold prestellar cores to warm protostellar envelopes and outflows to disks around young stars. Both the HIFI and PACS instruments are used to observe a variety of lines of H2O, H2 18O and chemically related species at the source position and in small maps around the protostars and selected outflow positions. In addition, high-frequency lines of CO, 13CO, and C18O are obtained with Herschel and are complemented by ground-based observations of dust continuum, HDO, CO and its isotopologs, and other molecules to ensure a self-consistent data set for analysis. An overview of the scientific motivation and observational strategy of the program is given, together with the modeling approach and analysis tools that have been developed. Initial science results are presented. These include a lack of water in cold gas at abundances that are lower than most predictions, strong water emission from shocks in protostellar environments, the importance of UV radiation in heating the gas along outflow walls across the full range of luminosities, and surprisingly widespread detection of the chemically related hydrides OH+ and H2O+ in outflows and foreground gas. Quantitative estimates of the energy budget indicate that H 2O is generally not the dominant coolant in the warm dense gas associated with protostars. Very deep limits on the cold gaseous water reservoir in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks are obtained that have profound implications for our understanding of grain growth and mixing in disks.

AB - Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) is a key program on the Herschel Space Observatory designed to probe the physical and chemical structures of young stellar objects using water and related molecules and to follow the water abundance from collapsing clouds to planet-forming disks. About 80 sources are targeted, covering a wide range of luminosities-from low (<1 L⊙) to high (>105 L⊙)-and a wide range of evolutionary stages-from cold prestellar cores to warm protostellar envelopes and outflows to disks around young stars. Both the HIFI and PACS instruments are used to observe a variety of lines of H2O, H2 18O and chemically related species at the source position and in small maps around the protostars and selected outflow positions. In addition, high-frequency lines of CO, 13CO, and C18O are obtained with Herschel and are complemented by ground-based observations of dust continuum, HDO, CO and its isotopologs, and other molecules to ensure a self-consistent data set for analysis. An overview of the scientific motivation and observational strategy of the program is given, together with the modeling approach and analysis tools that have been developed. Initial science results are presented. These include a lack of water in cold gas at abundances that are lower than most predictions, strong water emission from shocks in protostellar environments, the importance of UV radiation in heating the gas along outflow walls across the full range of luminosities, and surprisingly widespread detection of the chemically related hydrides OH+ and H2O+ in outflows and foreground gas. Quantitative estimates of the energy budget indicate that H 2O is generally not the dominant coolant in the warm dense gas associated with protostars. Very deep limits on the cold gaseous water reservoir in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks are obtained that have profound implications for our understanding of grain growth and mixing in disks.

KW - ISM

U2 - 10.1086/658676

DO - 10.1086/658676

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0004-6280

VL - 123

SP - 138

EP - 170

JO - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

JF - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

IS - 900

ER -

Water in star-forming regions with the Herschel Space Observatory (WISH). I. Overview of key program and first results

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