Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states: Overall results and determinants of exposure

Adrian Covaci; Elly Den Hond; Tinne Geens; Eva Govarts; Gudrun Koppen; Hanne Winther Frederiksen; Lisbeth E. Knudsen; Thit A Mørck; Arno C Gutleb; Cedric Guignard; Emanuelle Cocco; Milena Horvat; Ester Heath; Tina Kosjek; Darja Mazej; Janja Snoj Tratnik; Argelia Castaño; Marta Esteban; Francisco Cutanda; Juan José Ramos; Marika Berglund; Kristin Larsson; Bo A G Jönsson; Pierre Biot; Ludwine Casteleyn; Reinhard Joas; Anke Joas; Louis Bloemen; Ovnair Sepai; Karen Exley; Greet Schoeters; Jürgen Angerer; Marike Kolossa-Gehring; Ulrike Fiddicke; Dominique Aerts; Holger M Koch

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.008

Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states: Overall results and determinants of exposure

Adrian Covaci, Elly Den Hond, Tinne Geens, Eva Govarts, Gudrun Koppen, Hanne Winther Frederiksen, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Thit A Mørck, Arno C Gutleb, Cedric Guignard, Emanuelle Cocco, Milena Horvat, Ester Heath, Tina Kosjek, Darja Mazej, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Argelia Castaño, Marta Esteban, Francisco Cutanda, Juan José RamosMarika Berglund, Kristin Larsson, Bo A G Jönsson, Pierre Biot, Ludwine Casteleyn, Reinhard Joas, Anke Joas, Louis Bloemen, Ovnair Sepai, Karen Exley, Greet Schoeters, Jürgen Angerer, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Ulrike Fiddicke, Dominique Aerts, Holger M Koch

106 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

For the first time in Europe, both European-wide and country-specific levels of urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) were obtained through a harmonized protocol for participant recruitment, sampling and quality controlled biomarker analysis in the frame of the twin projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES. 674 child-mother pairs were recruited through schools or population registers from six European member states (Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden). Children (5-12y) and mothers donated a urine sample. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, life style, dietary habits, and educational level of the parents was provided by mothers. After exclusion of urine samples with creatinine values below 300mg/L or above 3000mg/L, 653 children and 639 mothers remained for which BPA was measured. The geometric mean (with 95% confidence intervals) and 90th percentile were calculated for BPA separately in children and in mothers and were named "European reference values". After adjustment for confounders (age and creatinine), average exposure values in each country were compared with the mean of the "European reference values" by means of a weighted analysis of variance. Overall geometric means of all countries (95% CI) adjusted for urinary creatinine, age and gender were 2.04 (1.87-2.24) µg/L and 1.88 (1.71-2.07) µg/L for children (n=653) and mothers (n=639), respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant environmental, geographical, personal or life style related determinants. Consumption of canned food and social class (represented by the highest educational level of the family) were the most important predictors for the urinary levels of BPA in mothers and children. The individual BPA levels in children were significantly correlated with the levels in their mothers (r=0.265, p<0.001), which may suggest a possible common environmental/dietary factor that influences the biomarker level in each pair. Exposure of the general European population was well below the current health-based guidance values and no participant had BPA values higher than the health-based guidance values.

Original language	English
Journal	Environmental Research
Volume	141
Pages (from-to)	77-85
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0013-9351
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.008
Publication status	Published - 1 Aug 2015

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Covaci, A., Hond, E. D., Geens, T., Govarts, E., Koppen, G., Frederiksen, H. W., Knudsen, L. E., Mørck, T. A., Gutleb, A. C., Guignard, C., Cocco, E., Horvat, M., Heath, E., Kosjek, T., Mazej, D., Tratnik, J. S., Castaño, A., Esteban, M., Cutanda, F., ... Koch, H. M. (2015). Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states: Overall results and determinants of exposure. Environmental Research, 141, 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.008

Covaci, A, Hond, ED, Geens, T, Govarts, E, Koppen, G, Frederiksen, HW, Knudsen, LE, Mørck, TA, Gutleb, AC, Guignard, C, Cocco, E, Horvat, M, Heath, E, Kosjek, T, Mazej, D, Tratnik, JS, Castaño, A, Esteban, M, Cutanda, F, Ramos, JJ, Berglund, M, Larsson, K, Jönsson, BAG, Biot, P, Casteleyn, L, Joas, R, Joas, A, Bloemen, L, Sepai, O, Exley, K, Schoeters, G, Angerer, J, Kolossa-Gehring, M, Fiddicke, U, Aerts, D & Koch, HM 2015, 'Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states: Overall results and determinants of exposure', Environmental Research, vol. 141, pp. 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.008

@article{2807a527a29b4305a6a0bc95ed98d20a,

title = "Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states: Overall results and determinants of exposure",

abstract = "For the first time in Europe, both European-wide and country-specific levels of urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) were obtained through a harmonized protocol for participant recruitment, sampling and quality controlled biomarker analysis in the frame of the twin projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES. 674 child-mother pairs were recruited through schools or population registers from six European member states (Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden). Children (5-12y) and mothers donated a urine sample. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, life style, dietary habits, and educational level of the parents was provided by mothers. After exclusion of urine samples with creatinine values below 300mg/L or above 3000mg/L, 653 children and 639 mothers remained for which BPA was measured. The geometric mean (with 95% confidence intervals) and 90th percentile were calculated for BPA separately in children and in mothers and were named {"}European reference values{"}. After adjustment for confounders (age and creatinine), average exposure values in each country were compared with the mean of the {"}European reference values{"} by means of a weighted analysis of variance. Overall geometric means of all countries (95% CI) adjusted for urinary creatinine, age and gender were 2.04 (1.87-2.24) µg/L and 1.88 (1.71-2.07) µg/L for children (n=653) and mothers (n=639), respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant environmental, geographical, personal or life style related determinants. Consumption of canned food and social class (represented by the highest educational level of the family) were the most important predictors for the urinary levels of BPA in mothers and children. The individual BPA levels in children were significantly correlated with the levels in their mothers (r=0.265, p<0.001), which may suggest a possible common environmental/dietary factor that influences the biomarker level in each pair. Exposure of the general European population was well below the current health-based guidance values and no participant had BPA values higher than the health-based guidance values.",

author = "Adrian Covaci and Hond, {Elly Den} and Tinne Geens and Eva Govarts and Gudrun Koppen and Frederiksen, {Hanne Winther} and Knudsen, {Lisbeth E.} and M{\o}rck, {Thit A} and Gutleb, {Arno C} and Cedric Guignard and Emanuelle Cocco and Milena Horvat and Ester Heath and Tina Kosjek and Darja Mazej and Tratnik, {Janja Snoj} and Argelia Casta{\~n}o and Marta Esteban and Francisco Cutanda and Ramos, {Juan Jos{\'e}} and Marika Berglund and Kristin Larsson and J{\"o}nsson, {Bo A G} and Pierre Biot and Ludwine Casteleyn and Reinhard Joas and Anke Joas and Louis Bloemen and Ovnair Sepai and Karen Exley and Greet Schoeters and J{\"u}rgen Angerer and Marike Kolossa-Gehring and Ulrike Fiddicke and Dominique Aerts and Koch, {Holger M}",

year = "2015",

month = aug,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.008",

language = "English",

volume = "141",

pages = "77--85",

journal = "Environmental Research",

issn = "0013-9351",

publisher = "Academic Press",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states

T2 - Overall results and determinants of exposure

AU - Covaci, Adrian

AU - Hond, Elly Den

AU - Geens, Tinne

AU - Govarts, Eva

AU - Koppen, Gudrun

AU - Frederiksen, Hanne Winther

AU - Knudsen, Lisbeth E.

AU - Mørck, Thit A

AU - Gutleb, Arno C

AU - Guignard, Cedric

AU - Cocco, Emanuelle

AU - Horvat, Milena

AU - Heath, Ester

AU - Kosjek, Tina

AU - Mazej, Darja

AU - Tratnik, Janja Snoj

AU - Castaño, Argelia

AU - Esteban, Marta

AU - Cutanda, Francisco

AU - Ramos, Juan José

AU - Berglund, Marika

AU - Larsson, Kristin

AU - Jönsson, Bo A G

AU - Biot, Pierre

AU - Casteleyn, Ludwine

AU - Joas, Reinhard

AU - Joas, Anke

AU - Bloemen, Louis

AU - Sepai, Ovnair

AU - Exley, Karen

AU - Schoeters, Greet

AU - Angerer, Jürgen

AU - Kolossa-Gehring, Marike

AU - Fiddicke, Ulrike

AU - Aerts, Dominique

AU - Koch, Holger M

PY - 2015/8/1

Y1 - 2015/8/1

N2 - For the first time in Europe, both European-wide and country-specific levels of urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) were obtained through a harmonized protocol for participant recruitment, sampling and quality controlled biomarker analysis in the frame of the twin projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES. 674 child-mother pairs were recruited through schools or population registers from six European member states (Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden). Children (5-12y) and mothers donated a urine sample. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, life style, dietary habits, and educational level of the parents was provided by mothers. After exclusion of urine samples with creatinine values below 300mg/L or above 3000mg/L, 653 children and 639 mothers remained for which BPA was measured. The geometric mean (with 95% confidence intervals) and 90th percentile were calculated for BPA separately in children and in mothers and were named "European reference values". After adjustment for confounders (age and creatinine), average exposure values in each country were compared with the mean of the "European reference values" by means of a weighted analysis of variance. Overall geometric means of all countries (95% CI) adjusted for urinary creatinine, age and gender were 2.04 (1.87-2.24) µg/L and 1.88 (1.71-2.07) µg/L for children (n=653) and mothers (n=639), respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant environmental, geographical, personal or life style related determinants. Consumption of canned food and social class (represented by the highest educational level of the family) were the most important predictors for the urinary levels of BPA in mothers and children. The individual BPA levels in children were significantly correlated with the levels in their mothers (r=0.265, p<0.001), which may suggest a possible common environmental/dietary factor that influences the biomarker level in each pair. Exposure of the general European population was well below the current health-based guidance values and no participant had BPA values higher than the health-based guidance values.

AB - For the first time in Europe, both European-wide and country-specific levels of urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) were obtained through a harmonized protocol for participant recruitment, sampling and quality controlled biomarker analysis in the frame of the twin projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES. 674 child-mother pairs were recruited through schools or population registers from six European member states (Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden). Children (5-12y) and mothers donated a urine sample. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, life style, dietary habits, and educational level of the parents was provided by mothers. After exclusion of urine samples with creatinine values below 300mg/L or above 3000mg/L, 653 children and 639 mothers remained for which BPA was measured. The geometric mean (with 95% confidence intervals) and 90th percentile were calculated for BPA separately in children and in mothers and were named "European reference values". After adjustment for confounders (age and creatinine), average exposure values in each country were compared with the mean of the "European reference values" by means of a weighted analysis of variance. Overall geometric means of all countries (95% CI) adjusted for urinary creatinine, age and gender were 2.04 (1.87-2.24) µg/L and 1.88 (1.71-2.07) µg/L for children (n=653) and mothers (n=639), respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant environmental, geographical, personal or life style related determinants. Consumption of canned food and social class (represented by the highest educational level of the family) were the most important predictors for the urinary levels of BPA in mothers and children. The individual BPA levels in children were significantly correlated with the levels in their mothers (r=0.265, p<0.001), which may suggest a possible common environmental/dietary factor that influences the biomarker level in each pair. Exposure of the general European population was well below the current health-based guidance values and no participant had BPA values higher than the health-based guidance values.

U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.008

DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.008

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25440295

SN - 0013-9351

VL - 141

SP - 77

EP - 85

JO - Environmental Research

JF - Environmental Research

ER -

Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states: Overall results and determinants of exposure

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