Thymus size is associated with breastfeeding and having pets in a sex-specific manner

Rikke Pilmann Laursen; Anni Larnkjær; Christian Ritz; Hanne Frøkiær; Maren Johanne Heilskov Rytter; Christian Mølgaard; Kim F. Michaelsen

doi:10.1111/apa.15056

Thymus size is associated with breastfeeding and having pets in a sex-specific manner

Rikke Pilmann Laursen^*, Anni Larnkjær, Christian Ritz, Hanne Frøkiær, Maren Johanne Heilskov Rytter, Christian Mølgaard, Kim F. Michaelsen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Lifecourse Nutrition & Health

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Aim: The aim was to examine associations between thymus size and anthropometric measurements, sex, age, breastfeeding status, presence of siblings, household pets, and infections and allergies since birth in 8- to 13-month-old healthy Danish infants. Methods: Data collected from 256 healthy infants enrolled in the ProbiComp study were used. Thymus size was assessed using sonographic measures, and thymic index (TI) and thymus weight index (TWI) was used as an absolute and a relative volume estimate, respectively. Results: In terms of TI and TWI, boys had approximately 15% and 5% larger thymus than girls (P <.001 and P <.02, respectively). TWI was larger in girls who were still breastfed than girls who were no longer breastfed (β: 0.16 cm³/kg; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.29; P =.01), but no difference was observed for boys. Having household pets was associated with a larger TI (P =.02), which seemed to be driven by associations for boys (β: 1.38 cm³; 95% CI: 0.02, 2.74). No other factors associated with thymus size were identified. Conclusion: Thymus size was associated with current breastfeeding in girls and with having household pets in boys. Sex-specific associations should be further explored in future studies on factors associated with thymus size.

Original language	English
Journal	Acta Paediatrica
ISSN	0803-5253
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15056
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2020

Keywords

Faculty of Science
Breastfeeding
Infants
Sex-differences
Thymus size

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10.1111/apa.15056

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@article{f7453f46eb144bb485a7f11b4b1dd15a,

title = "Thymus size is associated with breastfeeding and having pets in a sex-specific manner",

abstract = "Aim: The aim was to examine associations between thymus size and anthropometric measurements, sex, age, breastfeeding status, presence of siblings, household pets, and infections and allergies since birth in 8- to 13-month-old healthy Danish infants. Methods: Data collected from 256 healthy infants enrolled in the ProbiComp study were used. Thymus size was assessed using sonographic measures, and thymic index (TI) and thymus weight index (TWI) was used as an absolute and a relative volume estimate, respectively. Results: In terms of TI and TWI, boys had approximately 15% and 5% larger thymus than girls (P <.001 and P <.02, respectively). TWI was larger in girls who were still breastfed than girls who were no longer breastfed (β: 0.16 cm3/kg; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.29; P =.01), but no difference was observed for boys. Having household pets was associated with a larger TI (P =.02), which seemed to be driven by associations for boys (β: 1.38 cm3; 95% CI: 0.02, 2.74). No other factors associated with thymus size were identified. Conclusion: Thymus size was associated with current breastfeeding in girls and with having household pets in boys. Sex-specific associations should be further explored in future studies on factors associated with thymus size.",

keywords = "Faculty of Science, Breastfeeding, Infants, Sex-differences, Thymus size",

author = "Laursen, {Rikke Pilmann} and Anni Larnkj{\ae}r and Christian Ritz and Hanne Fr{\o}ki{\ae}r and Rytter, {Maren Johanne Heilskov} and Christian M{\o}lgaard and Michaelsen, {Kim F.}",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2019 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",

year = "2020",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1111/apa.15056",

language = "English",

journal = "Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, Supplement",

issn = "0803-5253",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Thymus size is associated with breastfeeding and having pets in a sex-specific manner

AU - Laursen, Rikke Pilmann

AU - Larnkjær, Anni

AU - Ritz, Christian

AU - Frøkiær, Hanne

AU - Rytter, Maren Johanne Heilskov

AU - Mølgaard, Christian

AU - Michaelsen, Kim F.

PY - 2020/5/1

Y1 - 2020/5/1

N2 - Aim: The aim was to examine associations between thymus size and anthropometric measurements, sex, age, breastfeeding status, presence of siblings, household pets, and infections and allergies since birth in 8- to 13-month-old healthy Danish infants. Methods: Data collected from 256 healthy infants enrolled in the ProbiComp study were used. Thymus size was assessed using sonographic measures, and thymic index (TI) and thymus weight index (TWI) was used as an absolute and a relative volume estimate, respectively. Results: In terms of TI and TWI, boys had approximately 15% and 5% larger thymus than girls (P <.001 and P <.02, respectively). TWI was larger in girls who were still breastfed than girls who were no longer breastfed (β: 0.16 cm3/kg; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.29; P =.01), but no difference was observed for boys. Having household pets was associated with a larger TI (P =.02), which seemed to be driven by associations for boys (β: 1.38 cm3; 95% CI: 0.02, 2.74). No other factors associated with thymus size were identified. Conclusion: Thymus size was associated with current breastfeeding in girls and with having household pets in boys. Sex-specific associations should be further explored in future studies on factors associated with thymus size.

AB - Aim: The aim was to examine associations between thymus size and anthropometric measurements, sex, age, breastfeeding status, presence of siblings, household pets, and infections and allergies since birth in 8- to 13-month-old healthy Danish infants. Methods: Data collected from 256 healthy infants enrolled in the ProbiComp study were used. Thymus size was assessed using sonographic measures, and thymic index (TI) and thymus weight index (TWI) was used as an absolute and a relative volume estimate, respectively. Results: In terms of TI and TWI, boys had approximately 15% and 5% larger thymus than girls (P <.001 and P <.02, respectively). TWI was larger in girls who were still breastfed than girls who were no longer breastfed (β: 0.16 cm3/kg; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.29; P =.01), but no difference was observed for boys. Having household pets was associated with a larger TI (P =.02), which seemed to be driven by associations for boys (β: 1.38 cm3; 95% CI: 0.02, 2.74). No other factors associated with thymus size were identified. Conclusion: Thymus size was associated with current breastfeeding in girls and with having household pets in boys. Sex-specific associations should be further explored in future studies on factors associated with thymus size.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Breastfeeding

KW - Infants

KW - Sex-differences

KW - Thymus size

U2 - 10.1111/apa.15056

DO - 10.1111/apa.15056

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31606896

SN - 0803-5253

JO - Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, Supplement

JF - Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, Supplement

ER -

Thymus size is associated with breastfeeding and having pets in a sex-specific manner

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