Three novel rice genes closely related to the Arabidopsis 9IRX, 9IRXL, and14 IRX genes and their roles in xylan biosynthesis

Dawn Chiniquy; Patanjali Varanasi; Taeyun Oh; Jesper Harholt; Jacob Katnelson; Seema Singh; Manfred Auer; Blake Simmons; Paul D. Adams; Henrik V. Scheller; Pamela C. Ronald

doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00083

Three novel rice genes closely related to the Arabidopsis _9IRX, _9IRXL, and_{14 IRX} genes and their roles in xylan biosynthesis

Dawn Chiniquy, Patanjali Varanasi, Taeyun Oh, Jesper Harholt, Jacob Katnelson, Seema Singh, Manfred Auer, Blake Simmons, Paul D. Adams, Henrik V. Scheller, Pamela C. Ronald

Section for Plant Glycobiology

53 Citations (Scopus)

721 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth, and represents a major component of both dicot wood and the cell walls of grasses. Much knowledge has been gained from studies of xylan biosynthesis in the model plant, Arabidopsis. In particular, the irregular xylem (irx) mutants, named for their collapsed xylem cells, have been essential in gaining a greater understanding of the genes involved in xylan biosynthesis. In contrast, xylan biosynthesis in grass cell walls is poorly understood. We identified three rice genes Os07g49370 (OsIRX9), Os01g48440 (OsIRX9L), and Os06g47340 (OsIRX14), from glycosyltransferase family 43 as putative orthologs to the putative β-1,4-xylan backbone elongating Arabidopsis IRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 genes, respectively. We demonstrate that the over-expression of the closely related rice genes, in full or partly complement the two well-characterized Arabidopsis irregular xylem (irx) mutants: irx9 and irx14. Complementation was assessed by measuring dwarfed phenotypes, irregular xylem cells in stem cross sections, xylose content of stems, xylosyltransferase (XylT) activity of stems, and stem strength. The expression of OsIRX9 in the irx9 mutant resulted in XylT activity of stems that was over double that of wild type plants, and the stem strength of this line increased to 124% above that of wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that OsIRX9/OsIRX9L, and OsIRX14, have similar functions to the Arabidopsis IRX9 and IRX14 genes, respectively. Furthermore, our expression data indicate that OsIRX9 and OsIRX9L may function in building the xylan backbone in the secondary and primary cell walls, respectively. Our results provide insight into xylan biosynthesis in rice and how expression of a xylan synthesis gene may be modified to increase stem strength.

Original language	English
Article number	83
Journal	Frontiers in Plant Science
Volume	4
Number of pages	13
ISSN	1664-462X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00083
Publication status	Published - 10 Apr 2013

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Three novel rice genes closely related to the Arabidopsis IRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 genes and their roles in xylan biosynthesis - See more at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2013.00083/full#sthash.qXnD11s1.dpufFinal published version, 1.98 MB

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@article{ed37f03147b04366a61b55cf6dbdc3ec,

title = "Three novel rice genes closely related to the Arabidopsis 9IRX, 9IRXL, and14 IRX genes and their roles in xylan biosynthesis",

abstract = "Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth, and represents a major component of both dicot wood and the cell walls of grasses. Much knowledge has been gained from studies of xylan biosynthesis in the model plant, Arabidopsis. In particular, the irregular xylem (irx) mutants, named for their collapsed xylem cells, have been essential in gaining a greater understanding of the genes involved in xylan biosynthesis. In contrast, xylan biosynthesis in grass cell walls is poorly understood. We identified three rice genes Os07g49370 (OsIRX9), Os01g48440 (OsIRX9L), and Os06g47340 (OsIRX14), from glycosyltransferase family 43 as putative orthologs to the putative β-1,4-xylan backbone elongating Arabidopsis IRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 genes, respectively. We demonstrate that the over-expression of the closely related rice genes, in full or partly complement the two well-characterized Arabidopsis irregular xylem (irx) mutants: irx9 and irx14. Complementation was assessed by measuring dwarfed phenotypes, irregular xylem cells in stem cross sections, xylose content of stems, xylosyltransferase (XylT) activity of stems, and stem strength. The expression of OsIRX9 in the irx9 mutant resulted in XylT activity of stems that was over double that of wild type plants, and the stem strength of this line increased to 124% above that of wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that OsIRX9/OsIRX9L, and OsIRX14, have similar functions to the Arabidopsis IRX9 and IRX14 genes, respectively. Furthermore, our expression data indicate that OsIRX9 and OsIRX9L may function in building the xylan backbone in the secondary and primary cell walls, respectively. Our results provide insight into xylan biosynthesis in rice and how expression of a xylan synthesis gene may be modified to increase stem strength.",

author = "Dawn Chiniquy and Patanjali Varanasi and Taeyun Oh and Jesper Harholt and Jacob Katnelson and Seema Singh and Manfred Auer and Blake Simmons and Adams, {Paul D.} and Scheller, {Henrik V.} and Ronald, {Pamela C.}",

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T1 - Three novel rice genes closely related to the Arabidopsis 9IRX, 9IRXL, and14 IRX genes and their roles in xylan biosynthesis

AU - Chiniquy, Dawn

AU - Varanasi, Patanjali

AU - Oh, Taeyun

AU - Harholt, Jesper

AU - Katnelson, Jacob

AU - Singh, Seema

AU - Auer, Manfred

AU - Simmons, Blake

AU - Adams, Paul D.

AU - Scheller, Henrik V.

AU - Ronald, Pamela C.

N1 - OA

PY - 2013/4/10

Y1 - 2013/4/10

N2 - Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth, and represents a major component of both dicot wood and the cell walls of grasses. Much knowledge has been gained from studies of xylan biosynthesis in the model plant, Arabidopsis. In particular, the irregular xylem (irx) mutants, named for their collapsed xylem cells, have been essential in gaining a greater understanding of the genes involved in xylan biosynthesis. In contrast, xylan biosynthesis in grass cell walls is poorly understood. We identified three rice genes Os07g49370 (OsIRX9), Os01g48440 (OsIRX9L), and Os06g47340 (OsIRX14), from glycosyltransferase family 43 as putative orthologs to the putative β-1,4-xylan backbone elongating Arabidopsis IRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 genes, respectively. We demonstrate that the over-expression of the closely related rice genes, in full or partly complement the two well-characterized Arabidopsis irregular xylem (irx) mutants: irx9 and irx14. Complementation was assessed by measuring dwarfed phenotypes, irregular xylem cells in stem cross sections, xylose content of stems, xylosyltransferase (XylT) activity of stems, and stem strength. The expression of OsIRX9 in the irx9 mutant resulted in XylT activity of stems that was over double that of wild type plants, and the stem strength of this line increased to 124% above that of wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that OsIRX9/OsIRX9L, and OsIRX14, have similar functions to the Arabidopsis IRX9 and IRX14 genes, respectively. Furthermore, our expression data indicate that OsIRX9 and OsIRX9L may function in building the xylan backbone in the secondary and primary cell walls, respectively. Our results provide insight into xylan biosynthesis in rice and how expression of a xylan synthesis gene may be modified to increase stem strength.

AB - Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth, and represents a major component of both dicot wood and the cell walls of grasses. Much knowledge has been gained from studies of xylan biosynthesis in the model plant, Arabidopsis. In particular, the irregular xylem (irx) mutants, named for their collapsed xylem cells, have been essential in gaining a greater understanding of the genes involved in xylan biosynthesis. In contrast, xylan biosynthesis in grass cell walls is poorly understood. We identified three rice genes Os07g49370 (OsIRX9), Os01g48440 (OsIRX9L), and Os06g47340 (OsIRX14), from glycosyltransferase family 43 as putative orthologs to the putative β-1,4-xylan backbone elongating Arabidopsis IRX9, IRX9L, and IRX14 genes, respectively. We demonstrate that the over-expression of the closely related rice genes, in full or partly complement the two well-characterized Arabidopsis irregular xylem (irx) mutants: irx9 and irx14. Complementation was assessed by measuring dwarfed phenotypes, irregular xylem cells in stem cross sections, xylose content of stems, xylosyltransferase (XylT) activity of stems, and stem strength. The expression of OsIRX9 in the irx9 mutant resulted in XylT activity of stems that was over double that of wild type plants, and the stem strength of this line increased to 124% above that of wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that OsIRX9/OsIRX9L, and OsIRX14, have similar functions to the Arabidopsis IRX9 and IRX14 genes, respectively. Furthermore, our expression data indicate that OsIRX9 and OsIRX9L may function in building the xylan backbone in the secondary and primary cell walls, respectively. Our results provide insight into xylan biosynthesis in rice and how expression of a xylan synthesis gene may be modified to increase stem strength.

U2 - 10.3389/fpls.2013.00083

DO - 10.3389/fpls.2013.00083

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 23596448

SN - 1664-462X

VL - 4

JO - Frontiers in Plant Science

JF - Frontiers in Plant Science

M1 - 83

ER -

Three novel rice genes closely related to the Arabidopsis 9IRX, 9IRXL, and14 IRX genes and their roles in xylan biosynthesis

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Three novel rice genes closely related to the Arabidopsis _9IRX, _9IRXL, and_{14 IRX} genes and their roles in xylan biosynthesis