The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude

Qiang Qiu; Guojie Zhang; Tao Ma; Wubin Qian; Junyi Wang; Zhiqiang Ye; Changchang Cao; Quanjun Hu; Jaebum Kim; Denis M Larkin; Loretta Auvil; Boris Capitanu; Jian Ma; Harris A Lewin; Xiaoju Qian; Yongshan Lang; Ran Zhou; Lizhong Wang; Kun Wang; Jinquan Xia; Shengguang Liao; Shengkai Pan; Xu Lu; Haolong Hou; Yan Wang; Xuetao Zang; Ye Yin; Hui Ma; Jian Zhang; Zhaofeng Wang; Yingmei Zhang; Dawei Zhang; Takahiro Yonezawa; Masami Hasegawa; Yang Zhong; Wenbin Liu; Yan Zhang; Zhiyong Huang; Shengxiang Zhang; Ruijun Long; Huanming Yang; Jian Wang; Johannes A Lenstra; David N Cooper; Yi Wu; Jun Wang; Peng Shi; Jian Wang; Jianquan Liu

doi:10.1038/ng.2343

The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude

Qiang Qiu, Guojie Zhang, Tao Ma, Wubin Qian, Junyi Wang, Zhiqiang Ye, Changchang Cao, Quanjun Hu, Jaebum Kim, Denis M Larkin, Loretta Auvil, Boris Capitanu, Jian Ma, Harris A Lewin, Xiaoju Qian, Yongshan Lang, Ran Zhou, Lizhong Wang, Kun Wang, Jinquan XiaShengguang Liao, Shengkai Pan, Xu Lu, Haolong Hou, Yan Wang, Xuetao Zang, Ye Yin, Hui Ma, Jian Zhang, Zhaofeng Wang, Yingmei Zhang, Dawei Zhang, Takahiro Yonezawa, Masami Hasegawa, Yang Zhong, Wenbin Liu, Yan Zhang, Zhiyong Huang, Shengxiang Zhang, Ruijun Long, Huanming Yang, Jian Wang, Johannes A Lenstra, David N Cooper, Yi Wu, Jun Wang, Peng Shi, Jian Wang, Jianquan Liu

417 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) provide meat and other necessities for Tibetans living at high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and in adjacent regions. Comparison between yak and the closely related low-altitude cattle (Bos taurus) is informative in studying animal adaptation to high altitude. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a female domestic yak generated using Illumina-based technology at 65-fold coverage. Genomic comparisons between yak and cattle identify an expansion in yak of gene families related to sensory perception and energy metabolism, as well as an enrichment of protein domains involved in sensing the extracellular environment and hypoxic stress. Positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in the yak lineage are also found to be significantly enriched in functional categories and pathways related to hypoxia and nutrition metabolism. These findings may have important implications for understanding adaptation to high altitude in other animal species and for hypoxia-related diseases in humans.

Original language	English
Journal	Nature Genetics
Volume	44
Issue number	8
Pages (from-to)	946-951
Number of pages	6
ISSN	1061-4036
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2343
Publication status	Published - Aug 2012
Externally published	Yes

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Qiu, Q, Zhang, G, Ma, T, Qian, W, Wang, J, Ye, Z, Cao, C, Hu, Q, Kim, J, Larkin, DM, Auvil, L, Capitanu, B, Ma, J, Lewin, HA, Qian, X, Lang, Y, Zhou, R, Wang, L, Wang, K, Xia, J, Liao, S, Pan, S, Lu, X, Hou, H, Wang, Y, Zang, X, Yin, Y, Ma, H, Zhang, J, Wang, Z, Zhang, Y, Zhang, D, Yonezawa, T, Hasegawa, M, Zhong, Y, Liu, W, Zhang, Y, Huang, Z, Zhang, S, Long, R, Yang, H, Wang, J, Lenstra, JA, Cooper, DN, Wu, Y, Wang, J, Shi, P, Wang, J & Liu, J 2012, 'The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude', Nature Genetics, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 946-951. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2343

@article{e322be6222ca4d63af2b9039ed987189,

title = "The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude",

abstract = "Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) provide meat and other necessities for Tibetans living at high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and in adjacent regions. Comparison between yak and the closely related low-altitude cattle (Bos taurus) is informative in studying animal adaptation to high altitude. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a female domestic yak generated using Illumina-based technology at 65-fold coverage. Genomic comparisons between yak and cattle identify an expansion in yak of gene families related to sensory perception and energy metabolism, as well as an enrichment of protein domains involved in sensing the extracellular environment and hypoxic stress. Positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in the yak lineage are also found to be significantly enriched in functional categories and pathways related to hypoxia and nutrition metabolism. These findings may have important implications for understanding adaptation to high altitude in other animal species and for hypoxia-related diseases in humans.",

author = "Qiang Qiu and Guojie Zhang and Tao Ma and Wubin Qian and Junyi Wang and Zhiqiang Ye and Changchang Cao and Quanjun Hu and Jaebum Kim and Larkin, {Denis M} and Loretta Auvil and Boris Capitanu and Jian Ma and Lewin, {Harris A} and Xiaoju Qian and Yongshan Lang and Ran Zhou and Lizhong Wang and Kun Wang and Jinquan Xia and Shengguang Liao and Shengkai Pan and Xu Lu and Haolong Hou and Yan Wang and Xuetao Zang and Ye Yin and Hui Ma and Jian Zhang and Zhaofeng Wang and Yingmei Zhang and Dawei Zhang and Takahiro Yonezawa and Masami Hasegawa and Yang Zhong and Wenbin Liu and Yan Zhang and Zhiyong Huang and Shengxiang Zhang and Ruijun Long and Huanming Yang and Jian Wang and Lenstra, {Johannes A} and Cooper, {David N} and Yi Wu and Jun Wang and Peng Shi and Jian Wang and Jianquan Liu",

year = "2012",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1038/ng.2343",

language = "English",

volume = "44",

pages = "946--951",

journal = "Nature: New biology",

issn = "1061-4036",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude

AU - Qiu, Qiang

AU - Zhang, Guojie

AU - Ma, Tao

AU - Qian, Wubin

AU - Wang, Junyi

AU - Ye, Zhiqiang

AU - Cao, Changchang

AU - Hu, Quanjun

AU - Kim, Jaebum

AU - Larkin, Denis M

AU - Auvil, Loretta

AU - Capitanu, Boris

AU - Ma, Jian

AU - Lewin, Harris A

AU - Qian, Xiaoju

AU - Lang, Yongshan

AU - Zhou, Ran

AU - Wang, Lizhong

AU - Wang, Kun

AU - Xia, Jinquan

AU - Liao, Shengguang

AU - Pan, Shengkai

AU - Lu, Xu

AU - Hou, Haolong

AU - Wang, Yan

AU - Zang, Xuetao

AU - Yin, Ye

AU - Ma, Hui

AU - Zhang, Jian

AU - Wang, Zhaofeng

AU - Zhang, Yingmei

AU - Zhang, Dawei

AU - Yonezawa, Takahiro

AU - Hasegawa, Masami

AU - Zhong, Yang

AU - Liu, Wenbin

AU - Zhang, Yan

AU - Huang, Zhiyong

AU - Zhang, Shengxiang

AU - Long, Ruijun

AU - Yang, Huanming

AU - Wang, Jian

AU - Lenstra, Johannes A

AU - Cooper, David N

AU - Wu, Yi

AU - Wang, Jun

AU - Shi, Peng

AU - Wang, Jian

AU - Liu, Jianquan

PY - 2012/8

Y1 - 2012/8

N2 - Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) provide meat and other necessities for Tibetans living at high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and in adjacent regions. Comparison between yak and the closely related low-altitude cattle (Bos taurus) is informative in studying animal adaptation to high altitude. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a female domestic yak generated using Illumina-based technology at 65-fold coverage. Genomic comparisons between yak and cattle identify an expansion in yak of gene families related to sensory perception and energy metabolism, as well as an enrichment of protein domains involved in sensing the extracellular environment and hypoxic stress. Positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in the yak lineage are also found to be significantly enriched in functional categories and pathways related to hypoxia and nutrition metabolism. These findings may have important implications for understanding adaptation to high altitude in other animal species and for hypoxia-related diseases in humans.

AB - Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) provide meat and other necessities for Tibetans living at high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and in adjacent regions. Comparison between yak and the closely related low-altitude cattle (Bos taurus) is informative in studying animal adaptation to high altitude. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a female domestic yak generated using Illumina-based technology at 65-fold coverage. Genomic comparisons between yak and cattle identify an expansion in yak of gene families related to sensory perception and energy metabolism, as well as an enrichment of protein domains involved in sensing the extracellular environment and hypoxic stress. Positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in the yak lineage are also found to be significantly enriched in functional categories and pathways related to hypoxia and nutrition metabolism. These findings may have important implications for understanding adaptation to high altitude in other animal species and for hypoxia-related diseases in humans.

U2 - 10.1038/ng.2343

DO - 10.1038/ng.2343

M3 - Letter

C2 - 22751099

SN - 1061-4036

VL - 44

SP - 946

EP - 951

JO - Nature: New biology

JF - Nature: New biology

IS - 8

ER -

The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude

Abstract

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