The transmembrane autophagy cargo receptors ATI1 and ATI2 interact with ATG8 through intrinsically disordered regions with distinct biophysical properties

Ida Marie Zobbe Sjøgaard; Simon Bressendorff; Andreas Prestel; Swathi Kausika; Emilie Oksbjerg; Birthe B. Kragelund; Peter Brodersen

doi:10.1042/BCJ20180748

The transmembrane autophagy cargo receptors ATI1 and ATI2 interact with ATG8 through intrinsically disordered regions with distinct biophysical properties

Ida Marie Zobbe Sjøgaard, Simon Bressendorff, Andreas Prestel, Swathi Kausika, Emilie Oksbjerg, Birthe B. Kragelund, Peter Brodersen^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Selective autophagy has emerged as an important mechanism by which eukaryotic cells control the abundance of specific proteins. This mechanism relies on cargo recruitment to autophagosomes by receptors that bind to both the ubiquitin-like AUTOPHAGY8 (ATG8) protein through ATG8-interacting motifs (AIMs) and to the cargo to be degraded. In plants, two autophagy cargo receptors, ATG8-interacting protein 1 (ATI1) and 2 (ATI2), were identified early on, but their molecular properties remain poorly understood. Here, we show that ATI1 and ATI2 are transmembrane proteins with long N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The N-terminal IDRs contain the functional AIMs, and we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to directly observe the disorder-order transition of the AIM upon ATG8 binding. Our analyses also show that the IDRs of ATI1 and ATI2 are not equivalent, because ATI2 has properties of a fully disordered polypeptide, while ATI1 has properties more consistent with a collapsed pre-molten globule-like conformation, possibly as a consequence of a higher content of π-orbital-containing amino acid residues. Finally, we show that a sizable fraction of ATI2, but not ATI1, is phosphorylated in planta.

Original language	English
Journal	Biochemical Journal
Volume	476
Issue number	3
Pages (from-to)	449-465
Number of pages	17
ISSN	0264-6021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20180748
Publication status	Published - 2019

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The transmembrane autophagy cargo receptors ATI1 and ATI2 interact with ATG8 through intrinsically disordered regions with distinct biophysical properties. / Sjøgaard, Ida Marie Zobbe ; Bressendorff, Simon; Prestel, Andreas et al.
In: Biochemical Journal, Vol. 476, No. 3, 2019, p. 449-465.

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title = "The transmembrane autophagy cargo receptors ATI1 and ATI2 interact with ATG8 through intrinsically disordered regions with distinct biophysical properties",

abstract = "Selective autophagy has emerged as an important mechanism by which eukaryotic cells control the abundance of specific proteins. This mechanism relies on cargo recruitment to autophagosomes by receptors that bind to both the ubiquitin-like AUTOPHAGY8 (ATG8) protein through ATG8-interacting motifs (AIMs) and to the cargo to be degraded. In plants, two autophagy cargo receptors, ATG8-interacting protein 1 (ATI1) and 2 (ATI2), were identified early on, but their molecular properties remain poorly understood. Here, we show that ATI1 and ATI2 are transmembrane proteins with long N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The N-terminal IDRs contain the functional AIMs, and we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to directly observe the disorder-order transition of the AIM upon ATG8 binding. Our analyses also show that the IDRs of ATI1 and ATI2 are not equivalent, because ATI2 has properties of a fully disordered polypeptide, while ATI1 has properties more consistent with a collapsed pre-molten globule-like conformation, possibly as a consequence of a higher content of π-orbital-containing amino acid residues. Finally, we show that a sizable fraction of ATI2, but not ATI1, is phosphorylated in planta.",

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T1 - The transmembrane autophagy cargo receptors ATI1 and ATI2 interact with ATG8 through intrinsically disordered regions with distinct biophysical properties

AU - Sjøgaard, Ida Marie Zobbe

AU - Bressendorff, Simon

AU - Prestel, Andreas

AU - Kausika, Swathi

AU - Oksbjerg, Emilie

AU - Kragelund, Birthe B.

AU - Brodersen, Peter

PY - 2019

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N2 - Selective autophagy has emerged as an important mechanism by which eukaryotic cells control the abundance of specific proteins. This mechanism relies on cargo recruitment to autophagosomes by receptors that bind to both the ubiquitin-like AUTOPHAGY8 (ATG8) protein through ATG8-interacting motifs (AIMs) and to the cargo to be degraded. In plants, two autophagy cargo receptors, ATG8-interacting protein 1 (ATI1) and 2 (ATI2), were identified early on, but their molecular properties remain poorly understood. Here, we show that ATI1 and ATI2 are transmembrane proteins with long N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The N-terminal IDRs contain the functional AIMs, and we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to directly observe the disorder-order transition of the AIM upon ATG8 binding. Our analyses also show that the IDRs of ATI1 and ATI2 are not equivalent, because ATI2 has properties of a fully disordered polypeptide, while ATI1 has properties more consistent with a collapsed pre-molten globule-like conformation, possibly as a consequence of a higher content of π-orbital-containing amino acid residues. Finally, we show that a sizable fraction of ATI2, but not ATI1, is phosphorylated in planta.

AB - Selective autophagy has emerged as an important mechanism by which eukaryotic cells control the abundance of specific proteins. This mechanism relies on cargo recruitment to autophagosomes by receptors that bind to both the ubiquitin-like AUTOPHAGY8 (ATG8) protein through ATG8-interacting motifs (AIMs) and to the cargo to be degraded. In plants, two autophagy cargo receptors, ATG8-interacting protein 1 (ATI1) and 2 (ATI2), were identified early on, but their molecular properties remain poorly understood. Here, we show that ATI1 and ATI2 are transmembrane proteins with long N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The N-terminal IDRs contain the functional AIMs, and we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to directly observe the disorder-order transition of the AIM upon ATG8 binding. Our analyses also show that the IDRs of ATI1 and ATI2 are not equivalent, because ATI2 has properties of a fully disordered polypeptide, while ATI1 has properties more consistent with a collapsed pre-molten globule-like conformation, possibly as a consequence of a higher content of π-orbital-containing amino acid residues. Finally, we show that a sizable fraction of ATI2, but not ATI1, is phosphorylated in planta.

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DO - 10.1042/BCJ20180748

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30642888

AN - SCOPUS:85061132516

SN - 0264-6021

VL - 476

SP - 449

EP - 465

JO - Biochemical Journal

JF - Biochemical Journal

IS - 3

ER -

The transmembrane autophagy cargo receptors ATI1 and ATI2 interact with ATG8 through intrinsically disordered regions with distinct biophysical properties

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