The transcriptional program of terminal granulocytic differentiation.

Kim Theilgaard-Mönch, Lars Christian Jacobsen, Rehannah Borup, Thomas Rasmussen, Malene Digmann Bjerregaard, Finn Cilius Nielsen, Jack Bernard Cowland, Niels Borregaard

205 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

To characterize the transcriptional program that governs terminal granulocytic differentiation in vivo, we performed comprehensive microarray analyses of human bone marrow populations highly enriched in promyelocytes (PMs), myelocytes/metamyelocytes (MYs), and neutrophils (bm-PMNs). These analyses identified 11 310 genes involved in differentiation, of which 6700 were differentially regulated, including previously unidentified effector proteins and surface receptors of neutrophils. Differentiation of PMs toward MYs was accompanied by a marked decline of proliferative and general cellular activity as defined by down-regulation of E2 promoter binding factor (E2F) target genes; cyclin dependent kinases 2, 4, and 6; and various metabolic, proteasomal, and mitochondrial genes. Expression patterns of apoptosis genes indicated death control by the p53 pathway in PMs and by death receptor pathways in bm-PMNs. Effector proteins critical for host defense were expressed successively throughout granulocytic differentiation, whereas receptors and receptor ligands essential for the activation of the host defense program were terminally up-regulated in bm-PMNs. The up-regulation of ligand-receptor pairs, which are defined inducers as well as target genes of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), suggests a constitutive activation of NF-kappa B in bm-PMNs by autocrine loops. Overall, these results define a granulocytic differentiation model governed by a highly coordinated fail-safe program, which promotes completion of differentiation before cells gain responsiveness toward activating stimuli that accompany infections.
Original languageEnglish
JournalBlood
Volume105
Issue number4
Pages (from-to)1785-96
Number of pages11
ISSN0006-4971
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2004
Externally publishedYes

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'The transcriptional program of terminal granulocytic differentiation.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this