The sticky synapse: Chapter13. Cell Adhesion Molecules of the NCAM Family and their Role at Synapses

TY - BOOK

T1 - The sticky synapse

T2 - Chapter13. Cell Adhesion Molecules of the NCAM Family and their Role at Synapses

AU - Owczarek, Sylwia Elzbieta

AU - Kristiansen, Lars Villiam

AU - Hortsch, Michael

AU - Walmod, Peter Schledermann

A2 - Hortsch, Michael

A2 - Umemori, Hisashi

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - NCAM-type proteins modulate multiple neuronal functions, including the outgrowth and guidance of neurites, the formation, maturation, and plasticity of synapses, and the induction of both long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The ectodomains of NCAM proteins have a basic structure of five amino-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig), followed by two fibronectin type III (FnIII) modules. As a result of alternative splicing, many NCAM-type proteins exist in several isoforms, including both transmembrane and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored versions. Extracellularly, NCAM proteins mediate cell-cell adhesion through homophilic interactions and bind to growth factors, growth factor receptors, glutamate receptors, other CAMs, and components of the extracellular matrix. Intracellularly, NCAM-type proteins interact with various cytoskeletal proteins and regulators of intracellular signal transduction. A central feature of the synaptic function of NCAM proteins is the regulation of their extracellular interactions by adhesion-modulating glycoepitopes, their removal from the cell surface by endocytosis, and the elimination of their adhesion-mediating interactions by the proteolytic cleavage of their ectodomains. Although specific aspects of NCAM proteins have changed through evolution, core structural and functional features are conserved between NCAM-type proteins in vertebrates and invertebrates, demonstrating that the functions of this class of adhesive proteins are of general importance during nervous system formation.

AB - NCAM-type proteins modulate multiple neuronal functions, including the outgrowth and guidance of neurites, the formation, maturation, and plasticity of synapses, and the induction of both long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The ectodomains of NCAM proteins have a basic structure of five amino-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig), followed by two fibronectin type III (FnIII) modules. As a result of alternative splicing, many NCAM-type proteins exist in several isoforms, including both transmembrane and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored versions. Extracellularly, NCAM proteins mediate cell-cell adhesion through homophilic interactions and bind to growth factors, growth factor receptors, glutamate receptors, other CAMs, and components of the extracellular matrix. Intracellularly, NCAM-type proteins interact with various cytoskeletal proteins and regulators of intracellular signal transduction. A central feature of the synaptic function of NCAM proteins is the regulation of their extracellular interactions by adhesion-modulating glycoepitopes, their removal from the cell surface by endocytosis, and the elimination of their adhesion-mediating interactions by the proteolytic cleavage of their ectodomains. Although specific aspects of NCAM proteins have changed through evolution, core structural and functional features are conserved between NCAM-type proteins in vertebrates and invertebrates, demonstrating that the functions of this class of adhesive proteins are of general importance during nervous system formation.

M3 - Book

SN - 978-0-387-92707-7

BT - The sticky synapse

PB - Springer

ER -