The HEXACO–100 Across 16 Languages: A Large-Scale Test of Measurement Invariance

Isabel Thielmann; Nazar Akrami; Toni Babarović; Amparo Belloch; Robin Bergh; Antonio Chirumbolo; Petar Čolović; Reinout E. de Vries; Daniel Dostál; Marina Egorova; Augusto Gnisci; Timo Heydasch; Benjamin E. Hilbig; Kung Yu Hsu; Paweł Izdebski; Luigi Leone; Bernd Marcus; Janko Međedović; János Nagy; Oksana Parshikova; Marco Perugini; Boban Petrović; Estrella Romero; Ida Sergi; Kang Hyun Shin; Snežana Smederevac; Iva Šverko; Piotr Szarota; Zsofia Szirmák; Arkun Tatar; Akio Wakabayashi; S. Arzu Wasti; Tereza Záškodná; Ingo Zettler; Michael C. Ashton; Kibeom Lee

doi:10.1080/00223891.2019.1614011

The HEXACO–100 Across 16 Languages: A Large-Scale Test of Measurement Invariance

Isabel Thielmann^*, Nazar Akrami, Toni Babarović, Amparo Belloch, Robin Bergh, Antonio Chirumbolo, Petar Čolović, Reinout E. de Vries, Daniel Dostál, Marina Egorova, Augusto Gnisci, Timo Heydasch, Benjamin E. Hilbig, Kung Yu Hsu, Paweł Izdebski, Luigi Leone, Bernd Marcus, Janko Međedović, János Nagy, Oksana ParshikovaMarco Perugini, Boban Petrović, Estrella Romero, Ida Sergi, Kang Hyun Shin, Snežana Smederevac, Iva Šverko, Piotr Szarota, Zsofia Szirmák, Arkun Tatar, Akio Wakabayashi, S. Arzu Wasti, Tereza Záškodná, Ingo Zettler, Michael C. Ashton, Kibeom Lee

^*Corresponding author for this work

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The HEXACO Personality Inventory–Revised (HEXACO–PI–R) has become one of the most heavily applied measurement tools for the assessment of basic personality traits. Correspondingly, the inventory has been translated to many languages for use in cross-cultural research. However, formal tests examining whether the different language versions of the HEXACO–PI–R provide equivalent measures of the 6 personality dimensions are missing. We provide a large-scale test of measurement invariance of the 100-item version of the HEXACO–PI–R across 16 languages spoken in European and Asian countries (N = 30,484). Multigroup exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analyses revealed consistent support for configural and metric invariance, thus implying that the factor structure of the HEXACO dimensions as well as the meaning of the latent HEXACO factors is comparable across languages. However, analyses did not show overall support for scalar invariance; that is, equivalence of facet intercepts. A complementary alignment analysis supported this pattern, but also revealed substantial heterogeneity in the level of (non)invariance across facets and factors. Overall, results imply that the HEXACO–PI–R provides largely comparable measurement of the HEXACO dimensions, although the lack of scalar invariance highlights the necessity for future research clarifying the interpretation of mean-level trait differences across countries.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Personality Assessment
ISSN	0022-3891
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1614011
Publication status	Published - 2 Sept 2020

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Thielmann, I., Akrami, N., Babarović, T., Belloch, A., Bergh, R., Chirumbolo, A., Čolović, P., de Vries, R. E., Dostál, D., Egorova, M., Gnisci, A., Heydasch, T., Hilbig, B. E., Hsu, K. Y., Izdebski, P., Leone, L., Marcus, B., Međedović, J., Nagy, J., ... Lee, K. (2020). The HEXACO–100 Across 16 Languages: A Large-Scale Test of Measurement Invariance. Journal of Personality Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1614011

Thielmann, I, Akrami, N, Babarović, T, Belloch, A, Bergh, R, Chirumbolo, A, Čolović, P, de Vries, RE, Dostál, D, Egorova, M, Gnisci, A, Heydasch, T, Hilbig, BE, Hsu, KY, Izdebski, P, Leone, L, Marcus, B, Međedović, J, Nagy, J, Parshikova, O, Perugini, M, Petrović, B, Romero, E, Sergi, I, Shin, KH, Smederevac, S, Šverko, I, Szarota, P, Szirmák, Z, Tatar, A, Wakabayashi, A, Wasti, SA, Záškodná, T, Zettler, I, Ashton, MC & Lee, K 2020, 'The HEXACO–100 Across 16 Languages: A Large-Scale Test of Measurement Invariance', Journal of Personality Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1614011

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abstract = "The HEXACO Personality Inventory–Revised (HEXACO–PI–R) has become one of the most heavily applied measurement tools for the assessment of basic personality traits. Correspondingly, the inventory has been translated to many languages for use in cross-cultural research. However, formal tests examining whether the different language versions of the HEXACO–PI–R provide equivalent measures of the 6 personality dimensions are missing. We provide a large-scale test of measurement invariance of the 100-item version of the HEXACO–PI–R across 16 languages spoken in European and Asian countries (N = 30,484). Multigroup exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analyses revealed consistent support for configural and metric invariance, thus implying that the factor structure of the HEXACO dimensions as well as the meaning of the latent HEXACO factors is comparable across languages. However, analyses did not show overall support for scalar invariance; that is, equivalence of facet intercepts. A complementary alignment analysis supported this pattern, but also revealed substantial heterogeneity in the level of (non)invariance across facets and factors. Overall, results imply that the HEXACO–PI–R provides largely comparable measurement of the HEXACO dimensions, although the lack of scalar invariance highlights the necessity for future research clarifying the interpretation of mean-level trait differences across countries.",

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T1 - The HEXACO–100 Across 16 Languages

T2 - A Large-Scale Test of Measurement Invariance

AU - Thielmann, Isabel

AU - Akrami, Nazar

AU - Babarović, Toni

AU - Belloch, Amparo

AU - Bergh, Robin

AU - Chirumbolo, Antonio

AU - Čolović, Petar

AU - de Vries, Reinout E.

AU - Dostál, Daniel

AU - Egorova, Marina

AU - Gnisci, Augusto

AU - Heydasch, Timo

AU - Hilbig, Benjamin E.

AU - Hsu, Kung Yu

AU - Izdebski, Paweł

AU - Leone, Luigi

AU - Marcus, Bernd

AU - Međedović, Janko

AU - Nagy, János

AU - Parshikova, Oksana

AU - Perugini, Marco

AU - Petrović, Boban

AU - Romero, Estrella

AU - Sergi, Ida

AU - Shin, Kang Hyun

AU - Smederevac, Snežana

AU - Šverko, Iva

AU - Szarota, Piotr

AU - Szirmák, Zsofia

AU - Tatar, Arkun

AU - Wakabayashi, Akio

AU - Wasti, S. Arzu

AU - Záškodná, Tereza

AU - Zettler, Ingo

AU - Ashton, Michael C.

AU - Lee, Kibeom

PY - 2020/9/2

Y1 - 2020/9/2

N2 - The HEXACO Personality Inventory–Revised (HEXACO–PI–R) has become one of the most heavily applied measurement tools for the assessment of basic personality traits. Correspondingly, the inventory has been translated to many languages for use in cross-cultural research. However, formal tests examining whether the different language versions of the HEXACO–PI–R provide equivalent measures of the 6 personality dimensions are missing. We provide a large-scale test of measurement invariance of the 100-item version of the HEXACO–PI–R across 16 languages spoken in European and Asian countries (N = 30,484). Multigroup exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analyses revealed consistent support for configural and metric invariance, thus implying that the factor structure of the HEXACO dimensions as well as the meaning of the latent HEXACO factors is comparable across languages. However, analyses did not show overall support for scalar invariance; that is, equivalence of facet intercepts. A complementary alignment analysis supported this pattern, but also revealed substantial heterogeneity in the level of (non)invariance across facets and factors. Overall, results imply that the HEXACO–PI–R provides largely comparable measurement of the HEXACO dimensions, although the lack of scalar invariance highlights the necessity for future research clarifying the interpretation of mean-level trait differences across countries.

AB - The HEXACO Personality Inventory–Revised (HEXACO–PI–R) has become one of the most heavily applied measurement tools for the assessment of basic personality traits. Correspondingly, the inventory has been translated to many languages for use in cross-cultural research. However, formal tests examining whether the different language versions of the HEXACO–PI–R provide equivalent measures of the 6 personality dimensions are missing. We provide a large-scale test of measurement invariance of the 100-item version of the HEXACO–PI–R across 16 languages spoken in European and Asian countries (N = 30,484). Multigroup exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analyses revealed consistent support for configural and metric invariance, thus implying that the factor structure of the HEXACO dimensions as well as the meaning of the latent HEXACO factors is comparable across languages. However, analyses did not show overall support for scalar invariance; that is, equivalence of facet intercepts. A complementary alignment analysis supported this pattern, but also revealed substantial heterogeneity in the level of (non)invariance across facets and factors. Overall, results imply that the HEXACO–PI–R provides largely comparable measurement of the HEXACO dimensions, although the lack of scalar invariance highlights the necessity for future research clarifying the interpretation of mean-level trait differences across countries.

U2 - 10.1080/00223891.2019.1614011

DO - 10.1080/00223891.2019.1614011

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31184949

AN - SCOPUS:85067565169

SN - 0022-3891

JO - Journal of Personality Assessment

JF - Journal of Personality Assessment

ER -

The HEXACO–100 Across 16 Languages: A Large-Scale Test of Measurement Invariance

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