The genome of the simian and human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi

A Pain; U Böhme; A E Berry; K Mungall; R D Finn; A P Jackson; T Mourier; J Mistry; E M Pasini; M A Aslett; S Balasubrammaniam; K Borgwardt; K Brooks; C Carret; T J Carver; I Cherevach; T Chillingworth; T G Clark; M R Galinski; N Hall; D Harper; D Harris; H Hauser; A Ivens; C S Janssen; T Keane; N Larke; S Lapp; M Marti; S Moule; I M Meyer; D Ormond; N Peters; M Sanders; S Sanders; T J Sargeant; M Simmonds; F Smith; R Squares; S Thurston; A R Tivey; D Walker; B White; E Zuiderwijk; C Churcher; M A Quail; A F Cowman; C M R Turner; M A Rajandream; C H M Kocken; A W Thomas; C I Newbold; B G Barrell; M Berriman

doi:10.1038/nature07306

The genome of the simian and human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi

A Pain, U Böhme, A E Berry, K Mungall, R D Finn, A P Jackson, T Mourier, J Mistry, E M Pasini, M A Aslett, S Balasubrammaniam, K Borgwardt, K Brooks, C Carret, T J Carver, I Cherevach, T Chillingworth, T G Clark, M R Galinski, N HallD Harper, D Harris, H Hauser, A Ivens, C S Janssen, T Keane, N Larke, S Lapp, M Marti, S Moule, I M Meyer, D Ormond, N Peters, M Sanders, S Sanders, T J Sargeant, M Simmonds, F Smith, R Squares, S Thurston, A R Tivey, D Walker, B White, E Zuiderwijk, C Churcher, M A Quail, A F Cowman, C M R Turner, M A Rajandream, C H M Kocken, A W Thomas, C I Newbold, B G Barrell, M Berriman

Microbiology

274 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Plasmodium knowlesi is an intracellular malaria parasite whose natural vertebrate host is Macaca fascicularis (the 'kra' monkey); however, it is now increasingly recognized as a significant cause of human malaria, particularly in southeast Asia. Plasmodium knowlesi was the first malaria parasite species in which antigenic variation was demonstrated, and it has a close phylogenetic relationship to Plasmodium vivax, the second most important species of human malaria parasite (reviewed in ref. 4). Despite their relatedness, there are important phenotypic differences between them, such as host blood cell preference, absence of a dormant liver stage or 'hypnozoite' in P. knowlesi, and length of the asexual cycle (reviewed in ref. 4). Here we present an analysis of the P. knowlesi (H strain, Pk1(A+) clone) nuclear genome sequence. This is the first monkey malaria parasite genome to be described, and it provides an opportunity for comparison with the recently completed P. vivax genome and other sequenced Plasmodium genomes. In contrast to other Plasmodium genomes, putative variant antigen families are dispersed throughout the genome and are associated with intrachromosomal telomere repeats. One of these families, the KIRs, contains sequences that collectively match over one-half of the host CD99 extracellular domain, which may represent an unusual form of molecular mimicry.

Original language	English
Journal	Nature
Volume	455
Issue number	7214
Pages (from-to)	799-803
Number of pages	4
ISSN	0028-0836
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07306
Publication status	Published - 2008

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Pain, A., Böhme, U., Berry, A. E., Mungall, K., Finn, R. D., Jackson, A. P., Mourier, T., Mistry, J., Pasini, E. M., Aslett, M. A., Balasubrammaniam, S., Borgwardt, K., Brooks, K., Carret, C., Carver, T. J., Cherevach, I., Chillingworth, T., Clark, T. G., Galinski, M. R., ... Berriman, M. (2008). The genome of the simian and human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi. Nature, 455(7214), 799-803. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07306

Pain, A, Böhme, U, Berry, AE, Mungall, K, Finn, RD, Jackson, AP, Mourier, T, Mistry, J, Pasini, EM, Aslett, MA, Balasubrammaniam, S, Borgwardt, K, Brooks, K, Carret, C, Carver, TJ, Cherevach, I, Chillingworth, T, Clark, TG, Galinski, MR, Hall, N, Harper, D, Harris, D, Hauser, H, Ivens, A, Janssen, CS, Keane, T, Larke, N, Lapp, S, Marti, M, Moule, S, Meyer, IM, Ormond, D, Peters, N, Sanders, M, Sanders, S, Sargeant, TJ, Simmonds, M, Smith, F, Squares, R, Thurston, S, Tivey, AR, Walker, D, White, B, Zuiderwijk, E, Churcher, C, Quail, MA, Cowman, AF, Turner, CMR, Rajandream, MA, Kocken, CHM, Thomas, AW, Newbold, CI, Barrell, BG & Berriman, M 2008, 'The genome of the simian and human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi', Nature, vol. 455, no. 7214, pp. 799-803. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07306

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title = "The genome of the simian and human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi",

abstract = "Plasmodium knowlesi is an intracellular malaria parasite whose natural vertebrate host is Macaca fascicularis (the 'kra' monkey); however, it is now increasingly recognized as a significant cause of human malaria, particularly in southeast Asia. Plasmodium knowlesi was the first malaria parasite species in which antigenic variation was demonstrated, and it has a close phylogenetic relationship to Plasmodium vivax, the second most important species of human malaria parasite (reviewed in ref. 4). Despite their relatedness, there are important phenotypic differences between them, such as host blood cell preference, absence of a dormant liver stage or 'hypnozoite' in P. knowlesi, and length of the asexual cycle (reviewed in ref. 4). Here we present an analysis of the P. knowlesi (H strain, Pk1(A+) clone) nuclear genome sequence. This is the first monkey malaria parasite genome to be described, and it provides an opportunity for comparison with the recently completed P. vivax genome and other sequenced Plasmodium genomes. In contrast to other Plasmodium genomes, putative variant antigen families are dispersed throughout the genome and are associated with intrachromosomal telomere repeats. One of these families, the KIRs, contains sequences that collectively match over one-half of the host CD99 extracellular domain, which may represent an unusual form of molecular mimicry.",

author = "A Pain and U B{\"o}hme and Berry, {A E} and K Mungall and Finn, {R D} and Jackson, {A P} and T Mourier and J Mistry and Pasini, {E M} and Aslett, {M A} and S Balasubrammaniam and K Borgwardt and K Brooks and C Carret and Carver, {T J} and I Cherevach and T Chillingworth and Clark, {T G} and Galinski, {M R} and N Hall and D Harper and D Harris and H Hauser and A Ivens and Janssen, {C S} and T Keane and N Larke and S Lapp and M Marti and S Moule and Meyer, {I M} and D Ormond and N Peters and M Sanders and S Sanders and Sargeant, {T J} and M Simmonds and F Smith and R Squares and S Thurston and Tivey, {A R} and D Walker and B White and E Zuiderwijk and C Churcher and Quail, {M A} and Cowman, {A F} and Turner, {C M R} and Rajandream, {M A} and Kocken, {C H M} and Thomas, {A W} and Newbold, {C I} and Barrell, {B G} and M Berriman",

note = "Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antigens, CD; Chromosomes; Conserved Sequence; Genes, Protozoan; Genome, Protozoan; Genomics; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Malaria; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmodium knowlesi; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protozoan Proteins; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Telomere",

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doi = "10.1038/nature07306",

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pages = "799--803",

journal = "Nature",

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T1 - The genome of the simian and human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi

AU - Pain, A

AU - Böhme, U

AU - Berry, A E

AU - Mungall, K

AU - Finn, R D

AU - Jackson, A P

AU - Mourier, T

AU - Mistry, J

AU - Pasini, E M

AU - Aslett, M A

AU - Balasubrammaniam, S

AU - Borgwardt, K

AU - Brooks, K

AU - Carret, C

AU - Carver, T J

AU - Cherevach, I

AU - Chillingworth, T

AU - Clark, T G

AU - Galinski, M R

AU - Hall, N

AU - Harper, D

AU - Harris, D

AU - Hauser, H

AU - Ivens, A

AU - Janssen, C S

AU - Keane, T

AU - Larke, N

AU - Lapp, S

AU - Marti, M

AU - Moule, S

AU - Meyer, I M

AU - Ormond, D

AU - Peters, N

AU - Sanders, M

AU - Sanders, S

AU - Sargeant, T J

AU - Simmonds, M

AU - Smith, F

AU - Squares, R

AU - Thurston, S

AU - Tivey, A R

AU - Walker, D

AU - White, B

AU - Zuiderwijk, E

AU - Churcher, C

AU - Quail, M A

AU - Cowman, A F

AU - Turner, C M R

AU - Rajandream, M A

AU - Kocken, C H M

AU - Thomas, A W

AU - Newbold, C I

AU - Barrell, B G

AU - Berriman, M

N1 - Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antigens, CD; Chromosomes; Conserved Sequence; Genes, Protozoan; Genome, Protozoan; Genomics; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Malaria; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmodium knowlesi; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protozoan Proteins; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Telomere

PY - 2008

Y1 - 2008

N2 - Plasmodium knowlesi is an intracellular malaria parasite whose natural vertebrate host is Macaca fascicularis (the 'kra' monkey); however, it is now increasingly recognized as a significant cause of human malaria, particularly in southeast Asia. Plasmodium knowlesi was the first malaria parasite species in which antigenic variation was demonstrated, and it has a close phylogenetic relationship to Plasmodium vivax, the second most important species of human malaria parasite (reviewed in ref. 4). Despite their relatedness, there are important phenotypic differences between them, such as host blood cell preference, absence of a dormant liver stage or 'hypnozoite' in P. knowlesi, and length of the asexual cycle (reviewed in ref. 4). Here we present an analysis of the P. knowlesi (H strain, Pk1(A+) clone) nuclear genome sequence. This is the first monkey malaria parasite genome to be described, and it provides an opportunity for comparison with the recently completed P. vivax genome and other sequenced Plasmodium genomes. In contrast to other Plasmodium genomes, putative variant antigen families are dispersed throughout the genome and are associated with intrachromosomal telomere repeats. One of these families, the KIRs, contains sequences that collectively match over one-half of the host CD99 extracellular domain, which may represent an unusual form of molecular mimicry.

AB - Plasmodium knowlesi is an intracellular malaria parasite whose natural vertebrate host is Macaca fascicularis (the 'kra' monkey); however, it is now increasingly recognized as a significant cause of human malaria, particularly in southeast Asia. Plasmodium knowlesi was the first malaria parasite species in which antigenic variation was demonstrated, and it has a close phylogenetic relationship to Plasmodium vivax, the second most important species of human malaria parasite (reviewed in ref. 4). Despite their relatedness, there are important phenotypic differences between them, such as host blood cell preference, absence of a dormant liver stage or 'hypnozoite' in P. knowlesi, and length of the asexual cycle (reviewed in ref. 4). Here we present an analysis of the P. knowlesi (H strain, Pk1(A+) clone) nuclear genome sequence. This is the first monkey malaria parasite genome to be described, and it provides an opportunity for comparison with the recently completed P. vivax genome and other sequenced Plasmodium genomes. In contrast to other Plasmodium genomes, putative variant antigen families are dispersed throughout the genome and are associated with intrachromosomal telomere repeats. One of these families, the KIRs, contains sequences that collectively match over one-half of the host CD99 extracellular domain, which may represent an unusual form of molecular mimicry.

U2 - 10.1038/nature07306

DO - 10.1038/nature07306

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 18843368

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 455

SP - 799

EP - 803

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7214

ER -

The genome of the simian and human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi

Abstract

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